Chapter 9: The Progressive Era 1890- 1920 Section 1: The Origins of Progressivism.
Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism.
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Transcript of Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism.
Chapter 18Chapter 18The Progressive MovementThe Progressive Movement
Section 1Section 1
The Roots of ProgressivismThe Roots of Progressivism
ProgressivismProgressivism
Ideas on how to fix problems Ideas on how to fix problems in American Societyin American Society
Most believed that the government should Most believed that the government should be more involvedbe more involved
Belonged to both political partiesBelonged to both political parties
Educated Middle ClassEducated Middle Class
Reaction against Laissez-Faire economicsReaction against Laissez-Faire economics
Groups/Movements for Groups/Movements for ProgressivismProgressivism
1. Muckrakers1. Muckrakers
Journalist who Journalist who investigated social investigated social conditions and conditions and political corruptionpolitical corruptionGot the name from Got the name from TRTRBecame a Became a competition to see competition to see who could expose the who could expose the most corruptionmost corruption
Democracy and ProgressivismDemocracy and Progressivism
MORE POWER TO MORE POWER TO VOTERS!!!!VOTERS!!!!
Help end corruption in Help end corruption in gov’tgov’t
The only way to make The only way to make change is through the change is through the Vote!Vote!
More Voting Rights!!!More Voting Rights!!!– Direct PrimariesDirect Primaries
Election to narrow choicesElection to narrow choices
– 1717thth Amendment AmendmentVoters choose SenatorsVoters choose Senators
– InitiativeInitiativeCitizens propose lawsCitizens propose laws
– ReferendumReferendumVoters have final say in lawsVoters have final say in laws
– RecallRecallRemoving officials from officeRemoving officials from office
3. Suffrage Movement3. Suffrage Movement
Campaign for women Campaign for women to get the right to voteto get the right to vote
Suffrage: Right to Suffrage: Right to votevote
Suffragists strategiesSuffragists strategies(How to get the vote)(How to get the vote)
Constitutional Constitutional AmendmentAmendment
Individual States Individual States granting the right to granting the right to votevote
The Beginning of Women’s SuffrageThe Beginning of Women’s Suffrage
Seneca Falls ConventionSeneca Falls Convention18481848
Elizabeth Cady Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Stanton and Lucretia MottMott– Worked to end slavey Worked to end slavey
and gain suffrageand gain suffrage
– Were labeled as Were labeled as unfeminine and unfeminine and immoralimmoral
Felt left out when the Felt left out when the 1515thth Amendment was Amendment was passedpassed
NAWSA (1880)NAWSA (1880)National American Woman Suffrage National American Woman Suffrage
AssociationAssociation
Worked to promote social reformsWorked to promote social reforms
Pass protective labor lawsPass protective labor laws
THE VOTE!!!!THE VOTE!!!!
Leaders of the Suffragist Leaders of the Suffragist MovementMovement
Susan B. AnthonySusan B. Anthony
Worked with Worked with temperance temperance movement and to movement and to abolish slaveryabolish slavery
1872-Anthony and 12 1872-Anthony and 12 other women cast other women cast illegal votes in the illegal votes in the presidential electionpresidential election
Alice PaulAlice Paul
Radical leader: too Radical leader: too militant for NAWSAmilitant for NAWSA
Used aggressive Used aggressive tactics to get the votetactics to get the vote
Formed National Formed National Woman’s PartyWoman’s Party
National Women’s National Women’s PartyParty
Carrie Chapman CattCarrie Chapman Catt
1915: Became 1915: Became NAWSA’s leaderNAWSA’s leader
Worked with Wilson Worked with Wilson to get the voteto get the vote
Those who opposed the vote said:Those who opposed the vote said:
Women had Women had enough power enough power without the votewithout the vote
Would make them Would make them too masculinetoo masculine
Early 19Early 19thth Century Women Century Women1.1. Unable to vote.Unable to vote.
2.2. Legal status of a minor.Legal status of a minor.
3.3. Single Single could own her owncould own her own property; male relatives had final say property; male relatives had final say
4.4. Married Married no control over her no control over herproperty or her children.property or her children.
5.5. Could not initiate divorce.Could not initiate divorce.
6.6. Couldn’t make wills, sign a contract, or Couldn’t make wills, sign a contract, or bring suit in court without her bring suit in court without her husband’s permissionhusband’s permission
7. 7. Marriage to a non citizen=loss of Marriage to a non citizen=loss of citizenshipcitizenship
June 1919: Senate finally passed 19June 1919: Senate finally passed 19 thth AmendmentAmendment
August 26, 1920: ¾ states needed ratified August 26, 1920: ¾ states needed ratified the amendmentthe amendment
Went into effect as the 19Went into effect as the 19 thth Amendment Amendment
Bellringer #8Bellringer #88/30/108/30/10
Who was Alice Paul? What tactics did the Who was Alice Paul? What tactics did the NWP use to bring sympathy to the NWP use to bring sympathy to the suffrage cause? Describe. What suffrage cause? Describe. What amendment was passed that gave women amendment was passed that gave women the right to vote?the right to vote?
4. Social Welfare 4. Social Welfare ProgressivismProgressivism
Focus on social problems, crime, illiteracy, Focus on social problems, crime, illiteracy, alcohol abuse, child labor and health and alcohol abuse, child labor and health and safety of Americanssafety of Americans
Campaign against Child LaborCampaign against Child Labor
In 1900, 1.7 million In 1900, 1.7 million children under the children under the age of 16 worked age of 16 worked outside the homeoutside the home
The Bitter Cry of the The Bitter Cry of the ChildrenChildren-1906 book, -1906 book, John Spargo, John Spargo, discussed coal minesdiscussed coal mines
Progressives worked to set:Progressives worked to set:
Minimum age for employment and Minimum age for employment and maximum hours a child could workmaximum hours a child could work
Education laws-requiring children to be in Education laws-requiring children to be in schoolschool
5. Health and Safety Codes5. Health and Safety Codes
Factories, coal mines, and railroads very Factories, coal mines, and railroads very dangerousdangerous
1911: Triangle Shirtwaist Company-NYC, 150 1911: Triangle Shirtwaist Company-NYC, 150 women workers died in a fire b/c only one open women workers died in a fire b/c only one open
exit-other doors locked from the outsideexit-other doors locked from the outside
RESULTS: building codes dealing with fire RESULTS: building codes dealing with fire hazards, unsafe machinery, and working hazards, unsafe machinery, and working conditionsconditions
6. Prohibition Movement6. Prohibition Movement
Many progressives Many progressives believed alcohol believed alcohol was the cause of was the cause of most of America’s most of America’s problemsproblems
WCTUWCTU
Anti-Saloon LeagueAnti-Saloon League
7. Progressives vs. Big 7. Progressives vs. Big BusinessBusiness
Too much wealth in the hands of too fewToo much wealth in the hands of too few
Wanted to break up trusts and monopoliesWanted to break up trusts and monopolies
Socialism: redistribute the wealthSocialism: redistribute the wealth
Chapter 18Chapter 18
Section 2, 3, and 4Section 2, 3, and 4
Progressive PresidentsProgressive Presidents
RooseveltRoosevelt
Foreign Affairs: Social Foreign Affairs: Social DarwinistDarwinist
Domestic Affairs: Domestic Affairs: ProgressiveProgressive
Square DealSquare Deal
TR’s promise of fair and equal treatment TR’s promise of fair and equal treatment for all.for all.
1902 Coal Strike1902 Coal Strike
150,000 workers150,000 workers
TR steps inTR steps in
Owners agree to Owners agree to arbitrationarbitration
SIGNIFICANCESIGNIFICANCE– 11stst step in gov’t acting step in gov’t acting
as 3as 3rdrd party arbiter party arbiter – Role of Gov’t in Role of Gov’t in
Business GrowsBusiness Grows
Role of Gov’t in Business continues to growRole of Gov’t in Business continues to grow
Bureau of Corporations Bureau of Corporations – Established in1903Established in1903– to investigate corporations and issue reports on to investigate corporations and issue reports on
their activitiestheir activities
US Steel investigated in1904US Steel investigated in1904– ““gentleman’s agreement”gentleman’s agreement”
Open books to gov’t, agree to fix problems before Open books to gov’t, agree to fix problems before court actions.court actions.
Allowed gov’t to regulate big business w/o having to Allowed gov’t to regulate big business w/o having to sacrifice economic efficiencysacrifice economic efficiency
Social Reforms: Social Reforms: The JungleThe Jungle by by Upton SinclairUpton Sinclair
Pure Food and Drug Act: 1906Pure Food and Drug Act: 1906
Prohibited the Prohibited the manufacture, sale manufacture, sale or shipment of or shipment of impure or falsely impure or falsely labeled food and labeled food and drugsdrugs
Meat Inspection Act: 1906Meat Inspection Act: 1906
Required federal Required federal inspection of meat, inspection of meat, and Agricultural Dept and Agricultural Dept to set standards of to set standards of cleanliness in cleanliness in meatpacking plantsmeatpacking plants
Conservation in America:Conservation in America:
Newlands Reclamation Act: 1902Newlands Reclamation Act: 1902
Paid for irrigation and land development projects Paid for irrigation and land development projects to increase Western States Developmentto increase Western States Development
Gifford Pinchot and US Forrest ServiceGifford Pinchot and US Forrest Service
Nature Must be Nature Must be preservedpreserved– Added over 100 Added over 100
million acres to the million acres to the protected national protected national forests, established forests, established 5 new national 5 new national parks and 51 parks and 51 federal wildlife federal wildlife preservespreserves
Bellringer # 9Bellringer # 98/31/108/31/10
What was What was The JungleThe Jungle? Who wrote it? ? Who wrote it? What was the significance? List and What was the significance? List and describe the two acts that it led to.describe the two acts that it led to.
Taft:Taft:Elected in 1908Elected in 1908– TR wanted him to TR wanted him to
continue progressive continue progressive programsprograms
– Taft did not like Taft did not like confrontationconfrontation
Back to more Back to more Laissez Faire Style Laissez Faire Style GovtGovt
More traditional More traditional RepublicanRepublican
Tariff Issues:Tariff Issues:
Wanted to lower tariffsWanted to lower tariffs
Compromised with Traditional Compromised with Traditional Republicans and backed off on Republicans and backed off on Progressive reformsProgressive reforms– Result: Result: Payne-Aldrich Tariff- Payne-Aldrich Tariff- barely cut tariffs barely cut tariffs
and actually raised them on some goodsand actually raised them on some goods– Progressives felt betrayedProgressives felt betrayed
Ballinger-Pinchot Affair:Ballinger-Pinchot Affair: Corruption and Anti-Progressive??Corruption and Anti-Progressive??
Richard Ballinger: Secretary of the Interior- Richard Ballinger: Secretary of the Interior- – Accused of giving public land to private companiesAccused of giving public land to private companies– Bribes?Bribes?
Taft felt the charges were groundless, did Taft felt the charges were groundless, did nothing.nothing.Most Progressives felt Taft had lost TR’s vision Most Progressives felt Taft had lost TR’s vision
Taft’s Successes:Taft’s Successes:
Children’s Bureau: Children’s Bureau: investigated and investigated and publicized problems publicized problems in child laborin child labor
Bureau of Mines: Bureau of Mines: monitor activities of monitor activities of mining companies mining companies and expanded and expanded national forests national forests
Taft: A failure as a Progressive?Taft: A failure as a Progressive?
TR thought soTR thought so– Returns from AfricaReturns from Africa– Announces he will run for president in 1912Announces he will run for president in 1912
3 term President?????3 term President?????
– Taft is RepublicanTaft is Republican– TR is RepublicanTR is Republican
How can they both run???How can they both run???
Election of 1912:Election of 1912:
Republican Party Splits: Republican Party Splits:
Conservatives supported TaftConservatives supported Taft
Progressives supported Roosevelt (not enough Progressives supported Roosevelt (not enough Republican support, so TR left the Party and Republican support, so TR left the Party and joined the new Progressive Party) joined the new Progressive Party)
Wilson: Democratic nomineeWilson: Democratic nominee
Taft: Republican nomineeTaft: Republican nominee
Roosevelt: Progressive nominee (Bull Moose Roosevelt: Progressive nominee (Bull Moose Party)Party)
New Nationalism vs New FreedomNew Nationalism vs New Freedom
Roosevelt’s New Nationalism:Roosevelt’s New Nationalism:
Strong federal gov’t to monitor big Strong federal gov’t to monitor big businessbusiness
Legislation to protect women and children Legislation to protect women and children in the workplacein the workplace
Workers compensationWorkers compensation
Wilson’s New Freedom:Wilson’s New Freedom:
Break up monopolies and trustsBreak up monopolies and trusts
Regulate banking systemRegulate banking system
Lower tariffs Lower tariffs
Taft and Roosevelt split the Republican Taft and Roosevelt split the Republican vote, enabling Wilson to win the vote, enabling Wilson to win the Presidency. 1st democrat elected since Presidency. 1st democrat elected since 18921892
Woodrow WilsonWoodrow Wilson
Tariffs:Tariffs:
Personally appeared before Congress to Personally appeared before Congress to present his ideas. Wanted lower tariffs to present his ideas. Wanted lower tariffs to force American businesses to be under force American businesses to be under the “constant necessity to be efficient, the “constant necessity to be efficient, economical, and enterprising”economical, and enterprising”
1913: Underwood Tariff- reduced tariffs by 1913: Underwood Tariff- reduced tariffs by @30%@30%
Federal Reserve System:Federal Reserve System:
Banks would keep a portion of deposits in Banks would keep a portion of deposits in regional reserve banks (12)- for regional reserve banks (12)- for emergenciesemergencies
Board of Governors: appointed by pres to Board of Governors: appointed by pres to control interest rates reserve banks control interest rates reserve banks charged other bankscharged other banks– Indirectly controlled rates across nationIndirectly controlled rates across nation– Indirectly controlled money supplyIndirectly controlled money supply
Federal Trade CommissionFederal Trade Commission: :
set up to investigate and monitor American set up to investigate and monitor American businessbusiness
could enforce anti-trust laws (not to break could enforce anti-trust laws (not to break up big business, but work with them to up big business, but work with them to limit unfair limits on competition)limit unfair limits on competition)
Clayton Antitrust Act-Clayton Antitrust Act-
Prevented price discriminationPrevented price discrimination– Businesses could not charge diff prices to diff Businesses could not charge diff prices to diff
customerscustomers
Gave unions more powerGave unions more power– Were not unlawful, did not restrain tradeWere not unlawful, did not restrain trade– Gave unions the right to existGave unions the right to exist
Keating-Owen Child Labor ActKeating-Owen Child Labor Act
Prohibited children under 14 from working Prohibited children under 14 from working in factories producing goods for interstate in factories producing goods for interstate commercecommerce(was shot down by supreme (was shot down by supreme court)court)
Adamson ActAdamson Act
Established 8 hour workday for rail Established 8 hour workday for rail workersworkers
Federal Farm Loan BoardFederal Farm Loan Board
Provided farmers with long-term loans at Provided farmers with long-term loans at low interest rateslow interest rates
Failures of Progressivism:Failures of Progressivism:
Did nothing to help African AmericansDid nothing to help African Americans
Many African Americans took the Many African Americans took the Progressive spirit and worked for their own Progressive spirit and worked for their own
advancement:advancement:Niagara Movement- 1905, WEB and 28 other Niagara Movement- 1905, WEB and 28 other leaders met (on Canadian side- no US hotel leaders met (on Canadian side- no US hotel would host them)would host them)NAACP- National Association for the NAACP- National Association for the Advancement of Colored People-1909Advancement of Colored People-1909– Both groups believed the vote was essential for Both groups believed the vote was essential for
changechange– “ “ The power of the ballot we need in sheer self-The power of the ballot we need in sheer self-
defense, else what shall save us from a second defense, else what shall save us from a second slavery” WEBslavery” WEB
– Work through the courts to make changesWork through the courts to make changes
Legacy of Progressivism:Legacy of Progressivism:
Americans began to expect more from Americans began to expect more from their government. their government. Regulate economy and solve social Regulate economy and solve social problemsproblemsProgressives expanded democracy, and Progressives expanded democracy, and improved the lives of men, women and improved the lives of men, women and children.children.Progressivism “ended” b/c of the concerns Progressivism “ended” b/c of the concerns of WWI of WWI