CHAPTER 18

Section 4: The Terms of Peace

Objectives:

Identify the Fourteen Points.

Summarize how WWI came to an end.

Describe problems the leaders at the Paris Peace Conference faced.

World War I and the Russian Revolution

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Bell Ringer 18.4:What events led to the end of World War I?

The Terms of Peace

The End of the War: September-November, 1918

September October November

_________ are stopped at the Marne River

________ surrenders

_______ ask for peace

______________ stops fighting, forms separate governments

__________abdicates, ___________republic is announced

_________ signs armistice

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January 1918

FourteenPoints speech

…outlined a setof ideas for afterthe war.

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The Terms of PeaceSix General Points

• NO secret treaties• Freedom of the seas

for ALL nations• Removal of economic

barriers• Reduction of

armaments

• Adjust colonial claims• Establishment of a

general association of nations

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What was the overall purpose of the Fourteen Points?

…a just and safer world

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Treaty of Brest Litovskallowed the Germansto concentrate on theirWestern front againstFrance and Britain in thesummer of 1918.

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Second Battle of the Marne

Battle of Château-Thierry

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July – Allied Counterattack

Bulgaria surrenders 29

Sept

Turks ask for peace – 30 Oct

14 Oct –Austria-

Hungary asks for armistice

Kaiser Wilhelm abdicates 9 Nov

Europe 1918

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……eleventh hour of the eleventheleventh hour of the eleventhday of the eleventh month…day of the eleventh month…

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Costs of War

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Paris PeaceConference

1919WilsonClemenceauLloyd GeorgeOrlando

All three men wanted to stop a war ever happening again, but they did not agree about how to do this. They wanted different things from the peace, and they did not get on well.

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Georges Clemenceau He was the Prime Minister of France.   He wanted revenge, and to punish the Germans for what they had done.   He wanted to make Germany pay for the damage done during the war.   He also wanted to weaken Germany, so France would never be invaded again.

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Woodrow Wilson   He wanted to make the world safe.   He wanted to end war by making a fair peace.     He said that he wanted disarmament, and a League of Nations (where countries could talk out their problems, without war).   He also promised self-determination for the peoples of Eastern Europe.

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The Terms of PeaceDavid Lloyd George He was Prime Minister of Great Britain.   He said he would ‘make Germany pay’ – because he knew that was what the British people wanted to hear.   He wanted ‘justice’, but he did not want revenge. He said that the peace must not be harsh – that would just cause another war in a few years time.   He tried to get a ‘halfway point’ – a compromise between Wilson and Clemenceau.   He ALSO wanted to expand the British Empire, maintain British control of the seas, and increase Britain's trade.  

Visual Source

The Terms of Peace

In this Swiss WWI-era cartoon titled "At the Peace Conference," the nations of France, England, the US, Belgium and Italy sit around the conference table smoking pipes together, with a PAX statue in the center of the table. The conference table is supported by a platform of bombs and powder kegs, labeled "World Revolution." 

The caption reads, "I hope they will soon get through with this Peace Pipe smoking. A spark might fall underneath, and then--!!!?" The cartoon was published during the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, and reflects fears that the victors of WWI, by attempting to create a lasting peace would instead destabilize Europe.

Political Cartoon

The Terms of Peace

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