Chapter 18 Section 3

The United States and East Asia

The Philippines:

The United States purchased the Philippines for $20 million in the Treaty of Paris (1898).

McKinley:

“The Filipinos First Bath”

Journal:

How were foreign people portrayed in political cartoons of the day?

The Philippines (Continued):

Many were angry over the United States’ possession over the Philippines. Filipino nationalist Emilio Aguinaldo used

guerilla warfare in an organized insurrection against the U.S.

The U.S. reacted with brutality and racism. Villages were burned down and many were

killed

American press defended the brutality by saying, “they must yield before the superior race.”

William H. Taft; 1st Governor – General of the Philippines (1901):

William Howard Taft censored the press and jailed many, but he also…• Established a health care system • Staffed schools • Built roads and bridges • Extended limited self-rule

Independence:

In 1916, Congress passed the Jones Act which pledged to give the Philippines their independence. It did not

become an independent state until 30 years later.

China:

Oriental (Chinese) Exclusion Act (1887): first time U.S. places restrictions on immigration

Journal:

Why would creating colonies be a good thing?

Why would being controlled by a foreign country be a bad thing?

Spheres of Influence:

Britain, France, Germany, Japan and Russia each carved out spheres of influence (zones) in which they had special access to ports and markets.

U.S. was afraid they would be cut out of trade with China. The U.S. issued the Open Door Policy,

saying that any nation could trade in any nation’s sphere of influence.

Open Door Policy:

Secretary of State John Hay

Gave all nations equal access to trade in China.

Guaranteed that China would NOT be taken over by any one foreign power.

Boxer Rebellion:

Angry Chinese, called Boxers, attacked and killed over 200 foreigners.

More than 135 adult Protestant missionaries and fifty-three Western children were killed by the Boxers in 1900.

G. B. Farthing was an English Baptist missionary killed by the Boxers with his family in 1900.

A determined Uncle Sam has donned two naval ships as boxing gloves, provoking the Chinese rebel, whose knife drips with blood, into a wide-eyed grimace of fear.

The Boxers Uncle Sam "I occasionally

do a little boxing myself."

It took 20,000 soldiers, including 2,000 Americans, to stop the Boxer Rebellion.

Japan vs. Russia: Japan opposed European

powers in China, especially Russia.

In 1904, Japan attacked a Russian fleet at Port Arthur in China, resulting in the Russo-Japanese War.

Theodore Roosevelt resolved the war at a conference in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. He was later awarded the

Nobel Peace Prize for negotiating an end to the Russo-Japanese War.

Anti-Asian Prejudice:

Disrupted relations with Japan

Was extremely prevalent on the West Coast San Francisco School Board banned Asian

students from attending classes with white students

Roosevelt negotiated a “Gentlemen’s Agreement” in which the school board removed the ban, and in exchange, Japan limited emigration to the United States

Great White Fleet:

1907, 16 battleships

Demonstrated the U.S.’s growing military power