Chapter 18 Growth, Development, and Exercise in Children and Adolescents.
-
date post
19-Dec-2015 -
Category
Documents
-
view
220 -
download
2
Transcript of Chapter 18 Growth, Development, and Exercise in Children and Adolescents.
![Page 1: Chapter 18 Growth, Development, and Exercise in Children and Adolescents.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d405503460f94a1a470/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 18
Growth, Development, and
Exercise in Children and Adolescents
![Page 2: Chapter 18 Growth, Development, and Exercise in Children and Adolescents.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d405503460f94a1a470/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Key Concepts
![Page 3: Chapter 18 Growth, Development, and Exercise in Children and Adolescents.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d405503460f94a1a470/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• acute musculoskeletal injuries
• adolescence• body building• childhood• chronic
musculoskeletal injuries
• development• epiphyseal growth
plate• growth• infancy
• making weight• maturation• mean power • peak height
velocity• peak power• peak weight
velocity• puberty• Tanner scale• weight lifting• weight training
![Page 4: Chapter 18 Growth, Development, and Exercise in Children and Adolescents.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d405503460f94a1a470/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Review Questions
![Page 5: Chapter 18 Growth, Development, and Exercise in Children and Adolescents.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d405503460f94a1a470/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Why is it important to be able to recognize the onset of puberty?
Normal growth patterns and responses toexercise training are substantially different inchildren than in adolescents
![Page 6: Chapter 18 Growth, Development, and Exercise in Children and Adolescents.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d405503460f94a1a470/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
How do you use height and body weight data to identify the adolescent growth spurt?
• Examine the yearly change in height or body weight as a function of age
• Dramatic increases in height and body weight coincide with the onset of puberty
• Increases change from around 5 cm per year to 10 cm per year for height and 3 kg per year to 10 kg per year for weight
![Page 7: Chapter 18 Growth, Development, and Exercise in Children and Adolescents.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d405503460f94a1a470/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
According to Bouchard and Malina, what effect does exercise have on normal growth and development patterns of children?
None. It does not appear to either accelerate or
decelerate growth and maturation.
![Page 8: Chapter 18 Growth, Development, and Exercise in Children and Adolescents.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d405503460f94a1a470/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
What effect does exercise have on body composition in children and adolescents?
Results in lower levels of percent body fat andfat weight and produces more fat-free weight
![Page 9: Chapter 18 Growth, Development, and Exercise in Children and Adolescents.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d405503460f94a1a470/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Describe the normal developmental patterns of absolute VO2max during childhood and adolescence for males and females.
• Males:– childhood: – adolescence:
• Females:– childhood:– adolescence:
increase throughout
continue to increase
increase throughoutlevel off at about age 14
![Page 10: Chapter 18 Growth, Development, and Exercise in Children and Adolescents.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d405503460f94a1a470/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
What accounts for the increase of VO2max during childhood?
It is a function of growth in the lungs,circulatory system, and musculature.
![Page 11: Chapter 18 Growth, Development, and Exercise in Children and Adolescents.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d405503460f94a1a470/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Why is making weight a bad idea for adolescent athletes?
Attempts to make weight often involve drastic
changes in caloric intake and water metabolism,
which can cause changes in kidney andcardiovascular function.
![Page 12: Chapter 18 Growth, Development, and Exercise in Children and Adolescents.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d405503460f94a1a470/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
What are some hazards associated with long-distance running for children?
• Heel cord injuries• Epiphyseal growth plate injuries• Chronic joint trauma• Thermal intolerance• Psychological problems from unrealistic
goals
![Page 13: Chapter 18 Growth, Development, and Exercise in Children and Adolescents.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d405503460f94a1a470/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
What are the metabolic adaptations associated with anaerobic training in children and adolescents?
• Increased:– phosphofructokinase– myosin ATPase – creatine phosphokinase– myokinase– stores and rate of utilization of ATP, CP,
and glycogen
![Page 14: Chapter 18 Growth, Development, and Exercise in Children and Adolescents.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d405503460f94a1a470/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
What factors should you consider when planning an anaerobic training program for children?
• Training program should closely mimic the intended sporting activity with respect to the mode of exercise as well as the metabolic demands.
• Training protocol should include repetitions that tax the appropriate anaerobic system, whether phosphagens or gylcolysis.
![Page 15: Chapter 18 Growth, Development, and Exercise in Children and Adolescents.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d405503460f94a1a470/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
What are some benefits associated with strength training for prepubescent children?• Improved flexibility
• Favorable changes in blood lipid profiles• Enhanced bone and connective tissue
development• Favorable changes in body composition• Reduced musculoskeletal injuries during
sports participation• Improved motor skills• Increased muscular endurance• Positive psychological effects
![Page 16: Chapter 18 Growth, Development, and Exercise in Children and Adolescents.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d405503460f94a1a470/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
What are the likely explanations for strength increases in response to resistance training in prepubescent children?
• Primarily neural adaptations• Possibly hypertrophy
![Page 17: Chapter 18 Growth, Development, and Exercise in Children and Adolescents.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d405503460f94a1a470/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
What are some hazards associated with strength training for children and adolescents?
• Acute musculoskeletal injuries such as ruptured disks and damage to the epiphyseal growth plate
• Chronic musculoskeletal injuries such as stress fractures and strains
![Page 18: Chapter 18 Growth, Development, and Exercise in Children and Adolescents.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d405503460f94a1a470/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Summarize the American Academy of Pediatrics’ recommendations for resistance training for children and adolescents.• The program should be conducted by well-
trained adults who are qualified to plan programs appropriate to the age of the participant.
• Weight lifting, power lifting, body building, and the use of maximal amounts of weight in strength training should be avoided until the participant has reached Tanner Stage 5 maturity.
![Page 19: Chapter 18 Growth, Development, and Exercise in Children and Adolescents.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d405503460f94a1a470/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Useful Websites
![Page 20: Chapter 18 Growth, Development, and Exercise in Children and Adolescents.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d405503460f94a1a470/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Physical Fitness and Activity in Schoolswww.aap.org/policy/re9907.html
American Academy of Pediatricswww.aap.org
ACSM Current Comment—Preseason Conditioning for Young Athleteswww.acsm.org/pdf/Preseas.pdf
Strength Training for Children
www.protraineronline.com/past/jun1_01/children.cfm