Chapter 17 To the west
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Transcript of Chapter 17 To the west
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CHAPTER 17TO THE WEST
By Nick Gribik
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The Columbian Exchange
Transfer of:People, animals, plants and diseases
from the old world to the new world
Caused epidemics to the natives because they had no immunity built up for diseases like smallpox
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The Columbian Exchange
Transfer of plantsRadically changed the natives dietsAmericans also offered the
Europeans their crops Livestock
European livestock was destructive to fields
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Europe in America
•Spain: green (Brazil became a viceroyalty of Spain)
•British: red
•French: blue
• These were three of the main European nations in the Americas
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Spain
Conquistadors The First Spanish in the Americas They were sent to conquer all land for Spain
Council of the Indies Institution responsible for supervising Spanish
colonies from 1524 to early 1700’s
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Spain
Taxes Taxes were paid by silver and gold mines and
sugar plantations in Brazil Viceroys
Highest ranking officials in the new world Each viceroyalty divided into judicial and
administrative districts
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Spain
Religion The Christian church became the main place
of worship Christianity was a way to spread European
culture to the natives of the new world Clergy members would try to get natives to
convert to Christianity
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Spain
Economy Silver mining took place mostly in Peru and
Mexico Generated more wealth than the gold that was
found in Latin America Potosi: single richest silver deposit found in the
Americas Sugar plantations based in Brazil
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Spain
Economy All of the wealth lead to urbanization Mining lead to change in the natural
environment Encomienda
The forced labor of the natives
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Spain
Basically slaves Natives did most manual labor with little pay
Women and children forced to work in order to have enough money to survive
Some Amerindians moved permanently to Spanish mines
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Spain
Society Merchants, artisans, miners, priests, and
lawyers made it to the Americas Some beggars, criminals, and prostitutes also
made it Thousands of blacks participated in the
conquest of the Americas
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Spain
Mestizos The term used by Spanish authorities to
describe someone of mixed Amerindian and European descent
Mulattos The term used by Spanish and Portuguese
colonies to describe someone of mixed African and European descent
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Spain
Spanish Colonists
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British
Sir Humphrey Gilbert First tried to start a colony in Newfoundland in
1583 The colony was abandoned within a year
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British
Roanoke The next attempted colony Located in Virginia Colony “disappeared and still today no one is
sure what happened there
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British
Jamestown First successful British colony Located in southern US Lived off of plantations
Most plantations were tobacco based Had to build a fort to ward off Indian attacks
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British
Indentured servants At one point 80% of British immigrants were
indentured servants This means they had to work an average of 4-7
years to in order to travel to the new world
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British
New England Pilgrims
Left because of religious persecution Landed at Plymouth Rock in 1620 Government developed the governor Squanto helped the struggling colonists survive
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British
New York Originally owned by the Dutch and called
Manhattan Island Taken by the British and was renamed New
York Pennsylvania
Founded by William Penn Became know for its Quakers
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British
The Mayflower that the first Pilgrims arrived on
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British
Late 17th century The Crown passed navigation acts that
angered the colonists Colonists responded by overthrowing officials
in Manhattan 18th century
Major increase in urbanization
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France
First Colonies in the Americas The French first settled in Canada Later they settled in Louisiana
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France
Colonies Colonies were developed in places more
similar to Spain than Britain, The colonies were also built more similar to
the Spanish style The patterns of their settlement also matched
the Spanish
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France
Work For the most part, France came to the
Americas for missionary work They took to many of the resources, and
depleted deer and beaver populations
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France
Deer and Beaver The Amerindians were very dependent on
these two animals Since the population was low, Amerindians
were forced to buy European goods Needless to say the Indians were mad, which
caused ……
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France
The French and Indian War The French were defeated by the British Forced to give up Canada to England Also forced to give up Louisiana to Spain
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France
This picture depicts the angry IndiansFighting furiously against the French