Chapter 17 Therapies/Treatment
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Transcript of Chapter 17 Therapies/Treatment
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Chapter 17 Therapies/Treatment
AP Outline Says: “Treatment of Psychological Disorders”
Treatment Approaches Insight Therapies
Psychodynamic Approaches Behavioral Approaches Cognitive Approaches Eclectic Approache Modes of Therapy – individual, group Community and Preventative Approaches
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Main Areas Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Humanistic Therapy (Rogers/Maslow)
Client Centered Therapy Gestalt Therapy
Behavior Therapy Cognitive Behavior Therapy
Group Family Couples Biological Treatments
Psycho Surgery Electro Convulsive Therapy Psychoactive Drugs
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Fun Facts 15% of adults 21% children are receiving some form of treatment $150 billion dollars a year is spent
Including disability and lost productivity
The most common targets of treatment are : Anxiety Mood disorders Impulse control Substance abuse And combinations of those-
Other not diagnosed problems Relationship conflictsGriefDivorceRetirement etc.
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Basic Features of Treatment Client/Patient Therapist= Psychologists/Psychiatirsts
Clinical Social Workers Marriage and Family Therapists Licensed Professional Counselors
Inpatient- could be days, weeks in a hospital/clinical setting- usually with drug therapy Usually pose a danger to themselves and others
Outpatient- psycho therapy and or drugs could be used Less severe symptoms
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Goals of Therapy Change thinking, feelings, behavior Impulse, functioning Relieve Discomfort
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Characteristics of Psychoanalysis One on one (Client Therapist relationship is
key) Talk Therapy Long Term duration
Look for relationship between an individual’s life history and current problems
Finding role of thoughts, emotions and motivation
Focus is to help gain insight Goal is to get the patient to understand how
past conflicts determine current problems
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Psychodynamic Psycho Therapy Freud Conflicts Ego, ID, Superego Unconscious Personality
Psychoanalysis- Goal to understand unconscious conflicts And how they affect the client
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Psychoanalysis continuedFree Association
Patient talks about what is on their mind and is prompted by questioning from therapist
Therapist analyzes the potential components that give insight and helps the client understand the subconscious processes and conflicts
Transference Unconscious process in which childhood feelings
and conflicts about parents and other significant people were being transferred to the therapist
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Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
Sigmund Freud Psychoanalysis- method of
psychotherapy aimed at revealing and resolving conflicts that are in the unconscious Free Association Resistance Dream Interpretation Freudian Slips Transference Contemporary Psychoanalysis
Less time and cost effective
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Humanistic Therapy See people as capable of consciously
controlling their own actions and taking responsibility for their own decisions
Humanists believe most behavior is motivated by an innate drive toward personal growth and improvement
Behavior is guided by the way people perceive the world
Hence, Distorted perceptions blocks growth
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Humanistic Therapy Assumptions Therapy tries to help clients restart their
natural growth
Promotes insights into current feelings
Therapists try to create feelings with client They try to show the client they are accepted,
supported Create a positive relationship with patient Clients are shown that they are in charge of how
they feel
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Humanistic Psychotherapy
Carl Rogers Humanistic Perspective- emphasizes
striving for and reaching human potential Humanistic Psychotherapy- Most important
feature of a person is their self-concept and that disorders derive from unhealthy environments (growth is interfered or stopped). Client-centered Gestalt Therapy
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Humanism- Client Centered Therapy 1st create a relationship Key is listening and understanding Clients become more self confident More accepting themselves Use Unconditional Positive Regard = acceptance
Help the client understand they themselves are worthy Acceptance Reinforce client’s ability to solve their own problems
Empathy Therapists try to emotionally understand what a client might be
thinking and feeling
Congruence (acting in ways that are consistent)
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Gestalt Therapy Humanistic Psych Seeks to create conditions in which clients
become more self aware and accepting
They try to get clients to really know themselves
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Behavior Therapy Client Insight Most psychological problems are learned
behaviors that can be changed by taking action to learn new ones
(not searching for underlying causes)
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Methods of Treatment Two Main Types of Therapy
Psychotherapy- based on interaction between a trained therapist, using psychological techniques, and a client, who is experiencing emotional, behavioral, or interpersonal problems.
Biomedical Therapies- use medications, electroconvulsive therapy, or other medical procedures that directly affect the brain and nervous system of a patient experiencing symptoms associated with a psychological disorder.
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Behavior Therapy Behavior therapy- proposes that
psychological problems originate from learned behaviors Skinner, Pavlov, Ellis, Watson Three versions:
1) Behavior therapy using classical conditioning 2) Behavior modification using operant conditioning 3) Cognitive-behavior therapy addresses both thoughts
and behaviors associated with the problem Counterconditioning- the learning of a new
conditioned response that is the opposite of the original learned response.
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Behavior Therapy cont.
Systematic Desensitization- involves gradual learning of a new conditioned response that will replace, or inhibit, an established maladaptive response such as fear or anxiety Anxiety Hierarchy
Flooding- constant exposure to the fear Aversion Conditioning-involves pairing
a harmful stimulus with an unpleasant stimulus i.e. taking a pill before consuming
alcohol that causes nausea.
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Cognitive-Behavior Therapy Cognitive behavioral therapy- utilizes
learning principles to change people’s negative thought patterns
Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)- based on belief that distorted expectations and irrational beliefs contribute to psychological disorders Psychologist Albert Ellis
“ABC”- Activating event, Belief, Consequences
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Cognitive and Group Therapy
Cognitive therapy- based on the idea that people have developed cognitive distortions, distorted perceptions, and interpretations of events that contribute to psychological disorders (especially depression and anxiety)
Group Therapy- allows one or more therapists to work with several people at the same time, observing social and interaction skills. Family Therapy Marital/Couples Therapy
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Biomedical Therapy Psychosurgery- destroys tissue in regions of the brain
for treating psychological disorders Irreversible risky side effects
Electroconvulsive therapy- depressive patients who didn’t respond to drug treatments; brief electrical shock was thought to stimulate and increase neural activity in the brain, alleviating symptoms of depression and schizophrenia
Neuroleptics (antipsychotics)- used to treat psychotic symptoms related to positive symptoms of schizophrenia such as hallucinations, delusions, disordered thinking, and confused thinking.
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Biomedical Therapy Antidepressants- prescribed to treat depression,
increase the amount of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin
Anti-anxiety Medication- used to help people deal with anxiety Valium and Xanax Increases neurotransmitter GABA which reduce symptoms
of anxiety, nervousness, and sleeping problems
Lithium- used to treat bipolar disorder Used to alleviate manic and depressive symptoms of
bipolar disorder
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Community Psychology Deinstitutionalization- process of releasing
patients from hospitals, which in turn led to the shutting down of many mental health hospitals
Community Psychology- a movement to decrease or prevent psychological disorders through offerings in community mental health programs