Chapter 17 Electrostatics Review. 1. What is the basic law of electrostatics?
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Transcript of Chapter 17 Electrostatics Review. 1. What is the basic law of electrostatics?
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Chapter 17 Electrostatics
Review
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1. What is the basic law of electrostatics?
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Like charges repel, unlike charges attract.
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2. What is an electroscope? What is a proof plane?
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Electroscope – a device for detecting charge.
Proof plane – a metal plate on an insulating handle, used to transfer charge.
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3. What particles are moved when charging an object?
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Only the negatively charged electrons.
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4. Describe three methods of charging an object.
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1. Stripping electrons by friction.
2. Charging by conduction. 3. Charging by induction.
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5. Describe how to positively charge an object by induction.
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1. Hold a negative object close to the object you want to charge. 2. Ground the object you want to charge. 3. Remove the ground. 4. Remove the negative object.
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6. What property of an electrical conductor makes it a good conductor?
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Loosely held electrons. The electrons are not held tightly in a crystal lattice.
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7. What is the rule for the residual charge of an object charged by conduction? By induction?
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The residual charge produced by conduction is always the same charge as the original charge.
The residual charge produced by induction is always the opposite charge as the original charge.
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8. What is the charge of an electron?
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-1.6 x 10-19
coulombs
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9. List two differences in electrostatic and gravitational forces.
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Electrostatic forces are much stronger than gravitational forces, and they can repel.
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10. Two electrostatic charges of +30.0 C and -20.0 C are 5 m apart. Calculate the force between the two charges. Is this force attractive or repulsive?
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F = k q1 q2 / d2
F = (9 x 109)(30 x 10-6)(20 x 10-6)/52
F = 0.216 NThe charges are opposite so the force is attractive.
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11. Two electrostatic charges of -60.0 C and -40.0 C are 55 cm apart. Calculate the force between the two charges. Is this force attractive or repulsive?
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F = k q1 q2 / d2
F = (9 x 109)(60 x 10-6)(40 x 10-6)/0.552
F = 71.4 NThe charges are the same so the force is repulsive.
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12. Two charges are separated by 20 cm. If they are moved to a distance of 60 cm apart, how does the electrostatic force between them change?
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20 cm to 60 cmF = k q1 q2 / d2
Triple the distance means 1/9th the force.
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13. Draw the lines of force around single positive charge. Around a single negative charge.
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14. Draw the lines of force between two equally charged negative charges. Between two equally charged positive charges.
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15. Draw the lines of force between one positive and one negative charge that are equal in magnitude.
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16. A charge of 20 C experiences a force of 10 Newtons. What is the strength of the electric field?
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E = F/qE = 10 N/ 20 C E = 10 N/(20 x 10 -6 C)
E = 5 x 105 N/C
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17. What is the force on a +12 C charge if placed in an electric field of 4000 N/C? What is the direction of the force?
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E = F/q4000 N/C = F/ +12 C 4000 N/C = F/(12 x 10 -6 C)
F = 0.048 NIn the direction of the field.
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18. What is the electric field strength at a point halfway between a +10 C charge and a +30 C charge that are separated by a distance of 4 meters?
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E10 = kq/d2 E30 = kq/d2
E10 = (9 x 109)(+10 x 10-6)/22
E30 = (9 x 109)(+30 x 10-6)/22
E10 = 22500 N/C E30 = 67500 N/C
The net field is 67500 – 22500 = 45000 N/C directed away from the +30 C charge.
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19. What force is applied to a +20 C charge when placed halfway between the two charges listed in problem 18?
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F = qEF = (20 x 10-6)45000F = 0.9 NDirected away from the +30 C charge.
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20. How would the answer to problem 19 be different if it were a -20 C charge?
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Same magnitude force, but the opposite direction.
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21. What is the strength of the electric field at a distance of 2 m from a +40 C charge? What is the direction of the field? In what direction would the field push a -20 C charge? What is the magnitude of this force?
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E = kq/d2
E = (9 x 109)(+40 x 10-6)/22 E = 90000 N/C
The direction is away from the positive charge.
A -20 C charge would be pushed in the opposite direction of the field.F = qE F = (20 x 10-6)90000F = 1.8 N
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