Chapter 17
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Transcript of Chapter 17
Chapter 17
The Shape of the Essay: How Form Embodies Purpose
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 17 | 2
Chapter overview
• Uses the term “essay” to describe a broad category of writing
• Considers form as referring to two aspects (the visual look of a text and its psychological dimension)
• Examines three patterns of organization
• Looks at introductions, endings, and ways to help connect the parts of the body
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Essay
• Some debate about the term “essay.”
• Some limit it to essays with a personal voice, while others argue for a more open form.
• “The defining feature of the essay will be its openness and the flexibility it gives writers to shape their thoughts, feelings, and experiences into written form” (521).
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Two aspects of form
• The visual look of a text refers to its layout. This includes paragraphs, headers, bullets, font styles, and pagination.
• Its psychological dimension refers to the mindset created by the writer, which in turn creates a series of expectations.
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Three patterns of organization
1. Top-down order—possibly the most familiar. The main point is presented early on and then developed, pp. 523 and 533.
2. Culminating order—almost the opposite; the main point is not stated directly until later on in the essay, but builds up to it, pp. 526-572 and 533.
3. Open form—lets the reader connect the ideas on the basis of dominant impressions, pp. 527-532 and 534.
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Sample readings
• “I Shop, Ergo I Am: The Mall as Society’s Mirror,” Sara Boxer, 523-525 (top-down)
• “Minneapolis Pornography Ordinance,” Ellen Goodman, 526-527 (culminating)
• “Los Angeles Notebook,” Joan Didion,528-532 (open)
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Connecting ideas
• Topic chains—sample page 539
• Transitions—three kinds, pp. 540-541.
• Temporal (time)—the next day, that morning
• Spatial (helps locate people and things)—around, in the back, at the front, above
• Logical—first, second, next, finally
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Psychological dimension
• Unity: A document has a central point, focus
• Coherence: The ideas lead logically from one point to the next
• Topic sentences generally appear at the beginning of a paragraph
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Techniques for development
• Narration: Tells a story
• Description: Create word pictures of a scene or a person
• Definition: Provide the meaning of a term or a concept
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Techniques, continued
• Classification: Sorts things or people into groups or categories
• Comparison and contrast: Looks at how two things are alike or different
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Student Companion Website
• Go to the student side of the Web site for exercises, chapter overviews, and links to writing resources for this chapter:
http://college.hmco.com/pic/trimbur4e