Chapter 17 · Chapter 17 The Progressive Era . Section 3: Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal....
Transcript of Chapter 17 · Chapter 17 The Progressive Era . Section 3: Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal....
McKinley’s Assassination • Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New
York , 1901
• President McKinley stood inside the Temple of Music building at the Exposition, ready to begin shaking the hands of the public as they streamed into the building.
• When 28-year-old anarchist Leon Czolgosz reached the president, he shot him with a gun hidden by a handkerchief.
• McKinley survived several days following an operation that unsuccessfully attempted to locate the bullet, but later succumbed to infection.
• Czolgosz was brought to trial on September 23, 1901. He was quickly found guilty and sentenced to death. On October 29, 1901, Leon Czolgosz was electrocuted.
Roosevelt’s Rise
• Background: – Harvard educated
– NY :
– VP under McKinley
• Taking Office: – McKinley’s
assassination made him :
Rough Riders
• Advocated for war vs.
Spain in 1898
– Called for U.S. to aid
Cubans in their struggle for
independence
• Led volunteer cavalry the
“Rough Riders” :
• Heroics :
– Elected governor of
NY and later chosen
as VP
The Bully Pulpit
• A New Kind of Leader – Used force :
– Believed federal govt. = responsible for:
– Used office as a “bully pulpit” to :
The Teddy Bear • In 1902 the governor of Mississippi invited TR to go
bear hunting.
• After three days of hunting TR had not succeeded in
finding or shooting a bear
• Concerned the hunt would be a failure, guides tracked
down a bear which they then tied to a tree for the
president to shoot.
• TR refused to shoot the bear stating it would be
“unsportsmanlike”
• Word of this hit newspapers across the country, and
political cartoonist Clifford Berryman picked up on the
story, drawing a cartoon that first appeared in the
Washington Post showing how President Roosevelt
refused to shoot the bear while hunting in Mississippi
• In February of 1903, toy store owner Morris Michtom
put two stuffed bears in his store window advertising
them as “Teddy Bears”.
Roosevelt’s Square Deal
• Trustbusting
– 1900→ ~:
– Sherman Anti-Trust Act
of 1890 proved ineffective
– Roosevelt targets:
• Ordered Justice Dept. to
sue Northern Securities
• Broke up some, but didn’t
slow pace of mergers
• Railroad Regulation
– Elkins Act – 1903
• Outlawed :
• Public notification:
– Hepburn Act – 1906
• Limited railroad
passes
• Empowered :
Muckraking • The muckrakers provided detailed,
accurate journalistic accounts of
the political and economic
corruption and social hardships
caused by the power of big
business in a rapidly industrializing
United States
• Phrase was first used by TR in an
April 1906 speech in which he
quoted John Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s
Progress, which referred to “the
Man with the Muckrake . . . who
could look no way but downward.
• Muckrakers succeeded in
stimulating public interest in
corruption and calls for reform.
Roosevelt’s Square Deal
• Labor – 1902 Coal Strike
• Mine shutdown in:
– Roosevelt intervenes • Threat of govt. takeover
forces arbitration
• Miners win concessions, but give up “closed shop” and right to strike for 3 years
• Sets precedent for:
Roosevelt’s Square Deal
• Public Health
– The Jungle :
– Meat Inspection Act – 1906
• Standards & Inspections
• Loopholes – expiration dates
– Pure Food and Drug Act –
1906
• Halted sale of :
• Truth in:
Roosevelt’s Square Deal
• The Environment – 19th century destruction of
resources largely unchecked
– Set aside :
– Est. wildlife :
– National Reclamation Act – 1902
• $$$ from sale of public lands in West fund irrigation projects
• Put :
Progressive Failure in Civil Rights
• Booker T.
Washington
– Tuskegee Institute
– Emphasized :
– Accused of: