Chapter 16 - The First Global Age: Europe, the Americas, Africa 1492 – 1750
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Transcript of Chapter 16 - The First Global Age: Europe, the Americas, Africa 1492 – 1750
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Chapter 16 - The First Global Age: Europe, the Americas, Africa
1492 – 1750
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Setting the Scene: Spanish soldiers who reached the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan (tānōchtētlän´) in 1519 were amazed by its size and splendor. Within a few years, the Spanish had captured and destroyed the Aztec capital. In its place, they built a new capital, Mexico City, that became the heart of the Spanish empire in the Americas.
Section 1 – Conquest in the Americas
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In 1492, Christopher Columbus landed inthe West Indies
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He encountered the Taino people
Drawing of Taino Islanders coming to meet the Spanish caravels, from
Columbus' Letter, 1493
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Spanish conquistadors in search of gold
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Conquistadors seized the Tainos’ gold ornaments
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Conquistadors forced the Tainos to convert to Christianity under the threat of death
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The Europeans brought diseases such as smallpox, measles, and influenza
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These diseases spread and wiped out up to 90% of the population within 100 years
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Conquistadors were attracted by the promise of riches
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In 1519, Hernando Cortes landed on the coast of Mexico
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Cortes was helped by Malinche, an Indian woman who served as his translator and adviser
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Many conquered peoples hated the Aztecs. Malinche helped Cortes form alliances to fight the Aztecs
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Moctezuma thought Cortes might be the god-king Quetzalcoatl returning from the east
Quetzalcoatl ("feathered snake") is the Aztec name for the Feathered-Serpent deity of ancient Mesoamerica, one of the main gods of many Mexican and northern Central American civilizations.
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At first, Moctezuma welcomed Cortes to his capital but problems soon arose
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The Aztecs drove the Spanish from the city and Moctezuma was killed
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In 1521Cortes and his allies captured and demolished Tenochtitlan, and later built Mexico City
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In 1532, Francisco Pizarro arrived in Peru just after the Incan ruler Atahualpa won a bloody civil war
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Pizarro defeated the Incas and captured Atahualpa. The Incas paid a huge ransom but the Spanish killed him anyway
The Inca gave Pizarro 24 tons of gold and silver as a ransom for Athualpa, but he was not released. The Spanish later tied him to a stake and strangled him.
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A. Superior military technology – horses, muskets and cannons; metal helmets and armor that provided protection
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B. Different tactics - The Aztec fought to take captives for sacrifice while the Spanish fought to kill their enemies on the battlefield
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C. The Spanish had allies that provided Cortes and Pizarro with much of their fighting forces
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D. European diseases killed many and some felt that their gods were less powerful than the Christian god