Chapter 16Chapter 16

The ArtsThe Arts

Chapter QuestionsChapter Questions

Why is art universal but the role of artist found Why is art universal but the role of artist found only in modern society?only in modern society?

How do societies differ in their artistic How do societies differ in their artistic emphases and styles.emphases and styles.

What are some universal functions of the arts?What are some universal functions of the arts? What are some of the different ways in which What are some of the different ways in which

the arts express cultural identities?the arts express cultural identities? How have the global economy and the global How have the global economy and the global

culture affected the arts of indigenous culture affected the arts of indigenous peoples?peoples?

ArtArt

Universal means of expressing Universal means of expressing the identity of a culture.the identity of a culture.

Evidence of art appears early in Evidence of art appears early in the human fossil record.the human fossil record.

There is no known culture There is no known culture without art.without art.

Understanding Art in CultureUnderstanding Art in Culture

In most societies, art is In most societies, art is inseparable from other activities.inseparable from other activities.

Separation of art from social Separation of art from social behavior is characteristic of behavior is characteristic of modern society.modern society.

In non-industrial societies, art is In non-industrial societies, art is embedded in all aspects of embedded in all aspects of culture.culture.

Five Types of ArtsFive Types of Arts

Graphic and plastic artsGraphic and plastic artsMusicMusicDanceDanceFolkloreFolkloreSports and gamesSports and games

Functions of ArtFunctions of Art

Communication with and Communication with and control over nature and the control over nature and the supernatural.supernatural.

Display of cultural themes.Display of cultural themes.Cultural and social integration.Cultural and social integration.Express cultural identity and Express cultural identity and

history.history.

Communication With Natural Communication With Natural WorldWorld

Cave paintings represent the Cave paintings represent the restoration to nature of the animals restoration to nature of the animals that are killed.that are killed.

Ritual art, dedicated to the spirits Ritual art, dedicated to the spirits who protect life, lessens danger.who protect life, lessens danger.

Dance movements imitating animals Dance movements imitating animals are believed to exert control over are believed to exert control over animals.animals.

Symbolic CommunicationSymbolic Communication

Symbolic elements in art are Symbolic elements in art are culturally specific:culturally specific:

In Western culture, the phrase In Western culture, the phrase “once upon a time” is a signal for “once upon a time” is a signal for a fairy tale.a fairy tale.

Totem poles reflect the social Totem poles reflect the social hierarchy in their societies.hierarchy in their societies.

Foster Harmony in SocietyFoster Harmony in Society

The arts make dominant cultural The arts make dominant cultural themes visible, tangible, and themes visible, tangible, and more real.more real.

The arts give voice to disunity The arts give voice to disunity and conflict within a society.and conflict within a society.

Express Cultural Identity and Express Cultural Identity and HistoryHistory

In many cultures, the most In many cultures, the most important artistic efforts important artistic efforts represent ancestors.represent ancestors.

In Imperial China, the arts were In Imperial China, the arts were central in legitimizing the central in legitimizing the emperor.emperor.

Deep Play: Balinese Cockfight Deep Play: Balinese Cockfight

Symbolic contest between male Symbolic contest between male egos.egos.

Expresses Balinese social hierarchy.Expresses Balinese social hierarchy.