Chapter 16Chapter 16

Sec. 4: Black African SlaverySec. 4: Black African Slavery

Slavery Slavery

Existed since ancient timesExisted since ancient times Before 1700’s: no moral or religious Before 1700’s: no moral or religious

stigmastigma Ottoman Empire forbade the Ottoman Empire forbade the

exportation of white slaves from exportation of white slaves from regions under its controlregions under its control

Portuguese then imported African Portuguese then imported African slaves into the Iberian Peninsula slaves into the Iberian Peninsula

African Presence in the African Presence in the AmericasAmericas

Shortage of laborShortage of labor Settlers had no intension of doing Settlers had no intension of doing

manual labor themselvesmanual labor themselves Used Native Americans but disease Used Native Americans but disease

and wars killed hundreds of thousandsand wars killed hundreds of thousands Imported African slavesImported African slaves Africans sold other Africans as slavesAfricans sold other Africans as slaves

Cont.Cont.

U.S. marks the beginning of slavery U.S. marks the beginning of slavery in 1619 with the arrival of African in 1619 with the arrival of African slaves on a Dutch ship in Jamestownslaves on a Dutch ship in Jamestown

1725: est. 90% of the population of 1725: est. 90% of the population of Jamaica was black slavesJamaica was black slaves

Slavery and the Slavery and the Transatlantic EconomyTransatlantic Economy

1616thth century Portuguese and the Spanish century Portuguese and the Spanish Dutch in the 17Dutch in the 17thth century century Late 17 and 18Late 17 and 18thth century English century English European goods (guns) to Africa to be European goods (guns) to Africa to be

exchanged for slavesexchanged for slaves Were traded from sugar and other Were traded from sugar and other

productsproducts African leaders conducted slave raids, so African leaders conducted slave raids, so

their captives could be sold to finance their captives could be sold to finance the purchase of more weaponsthe purchase of more weapons

The Experience of The Experience of SlaverySlavery

9 million transported9 million transported Largest forced migration in history Largest forced migration in history New slaves, old slaves, and creolesNew slaves, old slaves, and creoles Ones used to plantation life sold for Ones used to plantation life sold for

more moneymore money Seasoning: learning to workSeasoning: learning to work Would sustain elements of their own Would sustain elements of their own

culture and social structures culture and social structures

Cont.Cont.

Took 2 generations for colonial Took 2 generations for colonial language to dominatelanguage to dominate

African nations would elect their own African nations would elect their own kings and queens kings and queens

Revolts: South Carolina 1739, Jamaica Revolts: South Carolina 1739, Jamaica 1760’s, and Haitian Revolution of the 1760’s, and Haitian Revolution of the 1790’s1790’s

Revolt was communicated by African Revolt was communicated by African drumsdrums

Daily LifeDaily Life Differed from colony Differed from colony

to colony to colony Black slaves leaving Black slaves leaving

in Portuguese areas in Portuguese areas had fewest rights had fewest rights

Corporal punishment Corporal punishment for bad behaviorfor bad behavior

Law didn’t recognize Law didn’t recognize slave marriagesslave marriages

Children as slaves Children as slaves were slaveswere slaves

Conversion to Conversion to ChristianityChristianity

Would convert all slaves to Would convert all slaves to ChristianityChristianity

Spanish, French, and Portuguese Spanish, French, and Portuguese were Roman Catholicwere Roman Catholic

English became ProtestantsEnglish became Protestants Some African religious practices Some African religious practices

survived: witches, healers, voodoosurvived: witches, healers, voodoo

European Racial European Racial AttitudesAttitudes

European considered Africans to be European considered Africans to be savagessavages

Both Christians and Muslims shared Both Christians and Muslims shared these attitudes in the Med.these attitudes in the Med.

Famous Revolts and Famous Revolts and DatesDates

Saint Dominque (1794)Saint Dominque (1794) British outlawing the slave trade British outlawing the slave trade

(1807)(1807) Latin American wars of Latin American wars of

independenceindependence Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 Emancipation Proclamation of 1863

and the Civil Warand the Civil War Brazilian emancipation (1888)Brazilian emancipation (1888)