Chapter 15 Notes
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Transcript of Chapter 15 Notes
AMERICAN SOCIETY & ECONOMY TRANSFORMED
Second Great Awakening
Began in New England in the 1790s, but spread across the country
Camp meetings became common: Large audiences listened to many different preachers Speakers called on worshippers to ask for
forgiveness & prepare for the Second Coming Largest meeting took place in Kentucky in 1801
Second Great Awakening
Charles Finney: Former lawyer & gifted
speaker Used language that all
could understand Advocated that anyone
could achieve salvation Argued that human
nature was not necessarily dominated by sin
Eventually became president of Oberlin College
Religious & Utopian Societies
Shaker Society
Established a number of communities in several states
Hoped to be self-sufficient & became known for their furniture & handicrafts
The movement peaked between 1820-1860
Era of Reform
There were many groups attempting to improve society, including followers of:
Temperance Public Education Abolition Women’s Rights
Alcohol & Temperance
Alcohol abuse was seen as a major problem
Religious reformers saw alcohol consumption as immoral
Factory owners complained about productivity & quality
Alcohol & Temperance
The American Society for the Promotion of Temperance began in 1826:
Encouraged abstinence pledges
Lobbied states for the prohibition of alcohol
Rates of alcohol consumption had dropped in half by the 1840s
Public Education
For many years, public education was considered to be a family’s responsibility & was not required
Horace Mann became a leading reformer in Massachusetts & the US
Mann’s Education Reforms
School attendance was made mandatory & the school year was extended
Curriculum was standardized & began to emphasize practical education
Many states adopted similar reforms in order to educate children & assimilate immigrants
Abolition
Quakers advocated the abolition of slavery in the years following the American Revolution
American Colonization Society called for the removal of free blacks from the US
American Colonization Society
Founded in 1817
Believed in the following: Gradual emancipation of
slaves with compensation for slave owners
Former slaves should be transported to the African nation of Liberia
Slavery was wrong, yet blacks were inferior to whites
American Colonization Society
Paul Cuffe provided ships & money to former slaves hoping to travel to Liberia
Not many slaves earned their freedom – it was very expensive
Many former slaves had no desire to live in Africa
Abolition
Black abolitionists such as David Walker, Sojourner Truth, & Frederick Douglass were also active
William Lloyd Garrison called for the immediate abolition of slavery
Women in the Abolition Movement
Angelina Grimke was born to a slave-holding family in South Carolina
She & her sister spoke to anti-slavery audiences
Some criticized the Grimke sisters for speaking to mixed audiences
Women’s Rights
Margaret Fuller received an education in the classics
Wrote that women must be allowed to develop their own intellectual abilities
Other women’s rights advocated included Lucretia Mott & Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Seneca Falls Convention
Held in Seneca Falls, NY in 1848
Participants protested women’s lack of property rights & suffrage
Created a Declaration of Sentiments – “All men & women are created equal”