Chapter 15: Information Search & Visualization
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Transcript of Chapter 15: Information Search & Visualization
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Chapter 15: Information Search & Visualization
Team 3: Jacob Hicks, Victor Chen, Saba Alavi
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Introduction
Information exploration overload/anxiety? Object-actions Interface (OAI) model helps by:
separating different task concepts separating high-level interface issues from low level interface
issues N00bs in an information-exploration system…
struggle to understand what they see whilst remembering their information needs
might be distracted by learning complex query languages/elaborate shape-coding rules
need direct-manipulation designs/simple visual-coding rules (low cognition) can request additional features by adjusting control panels
Experienced users want more functionality and power: a wider range of search tools, lots of options
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Introduction (cont’d)
Task objects represented by interface objects in structured relational databases or text/media document libraries
Structured relational databases made up of relations and a schema (model) to describe relations
Relations have items (tuples/records), which consist of multiple atomic attributes, each of which have attribute values
Textual document library comprised of collections and descriptive attributes (e.g. location, media type, curator, donor, etc.)
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Introduction (cont’d)
Multimedia document library same as textual document library, only instead of text, it’s media: images, sound, video, animations, etc.
Task actions (i.e. fact finding) decomposed into browsing/searching, represented by interface actions (i.e. scrolling, zooming, joining, linking)
Finding aids help users focus their info needs (i.e. table of contents, indices, abstracts, etc)
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Database Query/Phrase Search
SQL a widespread standard for searching in structured relational database systems
Requires substantial time investment to learn Computer’s capacity for responding to natural
language query often limited Tradeoff exists between ease of use and
usefulness Empirical studies illustrate better performance
and more satisfaction when users are able to view and control the search
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Database Query/Phrase Search
Improved designs & consistency across differing systems allows for faster performance, fewer mistakes, and more successful searches
Recommends four phase framework: Formulation – expressing the search Initiation of the action – launching the search Review of results Refinement – formulating the next step
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Multimedia Document Searches
Current approaches to locating media rely on parallel databases and document searches
Advocates for ambitions captioning and attribute recording Classification according to useful search categories useful,
though costly and imperfect Graphical specification of query components:
Photo search Map Search Design/diagram search Sound search Video Search Animation Search
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Information Visualization
Bandwidth of vision is highOverview first, zoom and filter, then
details on demand.Data type by task
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1-D Linear
Text documentsSource CodeBifocal DisplayValue Bars
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2-D Map
MapsFloorplansNewspaper layouts
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3D World
Real objects, models, ect.Must keep track of position orientationOcclusion
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Temporal data
Time lines1D linearStart and finish timeEvents may overlap
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Multidimesional data
n-dimensional spaceDatabases with n attributesCan be 2D or 3DScattergrams
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Tree data
HierarchiesCan be shown as lines and nodesTabbed text filesCones in 3D
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Network data
NetworksCannot be written as a treeNode-and-linkSquare matrix
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Overview Task
Movable field of view3 to 30 zoom amountFisheye
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Zoom task
View a specific area in detailSmooth zooming preserves orientation“A satisfying way to zoom in is to point to
a location and to issue a zooming command”
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Filter task
Remove unwanted itemsWidgets to regulate processDynamic control of items
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Details-on-demand task
Select item or group to get detailsClick on an item to get popup window
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Relate task
View relationships amoung itemsSelect an item to highlight related items
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History task
Keep history to support undoTasks from the past combinded
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Extract Task
Extraction of subcollection of parametersAllow to save the records that result from
a searchSave settings
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Advanced Filtering
Dynamic queriesNumeric range sliders Alphasliders for namesBottons for small sets of categories
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Commercial Information–retrieval systems
Example – DIALOG or First Search Permit complex Boolean expressions
with parentheses but they are difficult to use
When we say or in English it means not both, but in Boolean OR is inclusive .
New York and Boston ( result 0 )
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Another form of filtering …
Apply a user-constructed set of keywords to dynamically generated information. Such as incoming email messages…..
A social form of filtering is collaborative filtering ….. Music, Restaurants ..
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Summary
Improved user interface to traditional databese-query or multimedia-document search will spawn appealing new products.
The more Flexible the better…15.7 Search in complex structured
documents. graphics, images, sound or video persents grand opportunities for the design of advanced user interfaces and powerful search engines .