Chapter 15 Hunger and the Global Environment
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Transcript of Chapter 15 Hunger and the Global Environment
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Chapter 15Chapter 15
Hunger and the Global Hunger and the Global EnvironmentEnvironment
Nutrition: Concepts & Controversies, 12e Nutrition: Concepts & Controversies, 12e Sizer/WhitneySizer/Whitney
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Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
Discuss the double health threat from undernutrition and obesity, and suggest reasons why this might occur among a single group of people.
Speculate as to how reducing a family’s hunger level can lead to more positive outcomes for health, educational, and social well-being of the family.
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Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
Explain why people in poverty are inclined to have larger families in spite of the scarcity of food.
Describe why producing enough food for people and livestock presents problems for the environment.
Define the term ecological footprint, and describe ways to lesson one’s own ecological footprint.
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IntroductionIntroduction
Food insecurity Very low food
security Low food security Marginal food
security High food security Contrast amongst
countries
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Global Undernutrition and Global Undernutrition and OvernutritionOvernutrition
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HungerHunger
Plagues both developed and developing nations
Food crisis Malnutrition and
hunger have risen sharply
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Hunger in the United StatesHunger in the United States
Primary cause of hunger Food poverty
Factors that increase likelihood
Limited nutritious foods Consequences
Poverty-obesity paradox Food deserts
Recognizing hunger
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The Poverty-Obesity ParadoxThe Poverty-Obesity Paradox
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U.S. Food Programs Directed at U.S. Food Programs Directed at Stopping Domestic HungerStopping Domestic Hunger
1 in every 6 Americans receives food assistance of some kind
Nationwide efforts WIC Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
(SNAP) Community efforts
Food recovery Food banks, food pantries, emergency
kitchens
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Tips for Thrifty Food ShoppingTips for Thrifty Food Shopping
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What is the State of World What is the State of World Hunger?Hunger?
Staggering statistics “Poorest poor”
Comparison to U.S. house cat Biofuels
Women and children Usually the “poorest poor” Cycle of hunger, malnutrition, and poverty Poverty, hunger, and childbearing
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Hunger HotspotsHunger Hotspots
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What is the State of World What is the State of World Hunger?Hunger?
Famine Natural causes Political and social
causes Chronic hunger &
malnutrition Deficiencies
Iodine, vitamin A, zinc
consequences
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The World Food Supply and the The World Food Supply and the EnvironmentEnvironment
Challenges to banishing hunger for all Provide enough food for expanding
population, without … Ensure all people have access to enough
food to…
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Threats to the Future Food SupplyThreats to the Future Food Supply
Hunger, poverty, & population growth
Loss of food-producing land
Accelerating fossil fuel use
Atmosphere & global climate changes
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Threats to the Future Food SupplyThreats to the Future Food Supply
Ozone loss from the outer atmosphere
Water shortages Ocean pollution
* No part of the world is insulated against future food shortages
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Environmental Degradation and Environmental Degradation and HungerHunger
Poor people often destroy the very resources they need for survival
Soil erosion and grazing lands Deforestation Economic development and animal foods
Diminishing wild fisheries Overfishing Increase in ocean temperatures
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Environmental Degradation and Environmental Degradation and HungerHunger
Aquaculture – fish farms Concerns
EscapeesDiseases &
parasitesNutrient pollutionChemical
pollutionWild habitat loss
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Environmental Degradation and Environmental Degradation and HungerHunger
Climate, air, and fresh water Greenhouses gases
Sources Impact of global temperature increases Water stress
Overpopulation Carrying capacity of the earth
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Water Stress HotspotsWater Stress Hotspots
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A World Moving Toward SolutionsA World Moving Toward Solutions
Elimination of hunger Sustainable
development Poor countries Wealthy countries
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Reducing Hunger Drives Reducing Hunger Drives Beneficial OutcomesBeneficial Outcomes
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How Can People Engage in Activism How Can People Engage in Activism & Simpler Lifestyles at Home?& Simpler Lifestyles at Home?
Government action Promote sustainability
Private and community enterprises Educators and students Food and nutrition professionals Individuals
Small decisions at home have large environmental impacts
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Toward Sustainable Food Toward Sustainable Food Production: How to Go Forward?Production: How to Go Forward?
Controversy 15
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Costs of Current Food Production Costs of Current Food Production MethodsMethods
Impacts on land and water Clear land, fertilizers, rain or irrigation
Dead zonesDepletion of water supply
Soil depletion Deforestation and overgrazing
Loss of species Protection of biodiversity
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Costs of Current Food Production Costs of Current Food Production MethodsMethods
Fuel use and energy sources Fossil fuels Biofuels
Energy waste
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The Problems of Livestock and The Problems of Livestock and FishingFishing
U.S. meat production Feedlots
Grain
World trends in meat consumption Increased meat and dairy consumption
Overfishing and species depletion
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Pounds of Grain Needed to Produce 1 Pounds of Grain Needed to Produce 1 Pound of Bread & 1 Pound of Animal Pound of Bread & 1 Pound of Animal
Weight GainWeight Gain
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A Sustainable Future Starts NowA Sustainable Future Starts Now
Sustainable agriculture A system
Low-input and precision agriculture Integrated pest management (IPM) Global positioning satellite (GPS)
Soil conservation U.S. Conservation Reserve Program
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A Sustainable Future Starts NowA Sustainable Future Starts Now
The potential of genetic engineering Genetically engineered crops and animals
Preserving genetic diversity of food Energy conservation
Consumption and production of energy must change
Energy recycling
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Roles of ConsumersRoles of Consumers
Keeping local profits local Farm share
Eating lower on food chain More plants, less
animals “Ecological
Footprint”