Chapter 15; Disease Chapter 15; Disease PreventionPrevention

By: Lexie, Alexis, Ally, Morgie and Morgan By: Lexie, Alexis, Ally, Morgie and Morgan ElleElle

ObjectivesObjectives

1.1. Name components of disease prevention.Name components of disease prevention.2.2. Describe vaccines and their roles. Describe vaccines and their roles. 3.3. Connect the significance of the material to Connect the significance of the material to

veterinary practice.veterinary practice.

Disease PreventionDisease Prevention

There are multiple factors that lead disease, such as There are multiple factors that lead disease, such as immunity and nutrition. immunity and nutrition.

Maintaining the normal bacteria flora helps maintain Maintaining the normal bacteria flora helps maintain the health of an animal.the health of an animal.

StressStress

Stress can be a HUGE factor in the causes of disease. Stress can be a HUGE factor in the causes of disease. Stress doesn’t require conscious thought, therefore an animal Stress doesn’t require conscious thought, therefore an animal

does not have to be conscious to be stressed. does not have to be conscious to be stressed. Stressed animals release higher levels of epinephrine. Stressed animals release higher levels of epinephrine. There are a wide range of factors that can contribute to There are a wide range of factors that can contribute to

stress.stress. For example, an animals change in diet, overcrowding, For example, an animals change in diet, overcrowding,

competition and weather can effect their stress level. competition and weather can effect their stress level. As stress increases , an animals exposure to pathogens increase, As stress increases , an animals exposure to pathogens increase,

therefore causing a larger chance of the animal getting sick. therefore causing a larger chance of the animal getting sick. However the increase in cortisol in response to stress has benefitsHowever the increase in cortisol in response to stress has benefits

It helps increase the carbohydrate metabolism and shifts glucose in the It helps increase the carbohydrate metabolism and shifts glucose in the brain.brain.

Nutritional ProblemsNutritional Problems

Nutritional problems can contribute to stress or Nutritional problems can contribute to stress or may effect the immune system response.may effect the immune system response.

Antioxidants play a role in the animal immune Antioxidants play a role in the animal immune systemsystem Antioxidants are oxidation-inhibiting vitamins and Antioxidants are oxidation-inhibiting vitamins and

minerals.minerals. Sudden changes in diet may effect the normal Sudden changes in diet may effect the normal

bacterial flora in the animals intestinal tract. bacterial flora in the animals intestinal tract.

VentilationVentilation

Ventilation is the exchange of air from within the building and is Ventilation is the exchange of air from within the building and is EXTREMELY important when it comes to maintain an animals EXTREMELY important when it comes to maintain an animals stress levels! stress levels! Fresh air prevents disease, lowers moisture , heat ammonia Fresh air prevents disease, lowers moisture , heat ammonia

and pathogens.and pathogens. Proper ventilation protects the animal Proper ventilation protects the animal

Lack of ventilation can lead to diseases, such as wet dewlap in Lack of ventilation can lead to diseases, such as wet dewlap in rabbits.rabbits. Wet dewlap is an infection in the skin of the lower neckWet dewlap is an infection in the skin of the lower neck

VaccinesVaccines Vaccines increase the animals immunity.Vaccines increase the animals immunity. An animals vaccines are determined by age sex and An animals vaccines are determined by age sex and

functional purpose.functional purpose. To prevent disease on a farm, farmers practice herd To prevent disease on a farm, farmers practice herd

immunity.immunity. Herd immunity decreases the chance of disease in a large herd. Herd immunity decreases the chance of disease in a large herd.

Common diseases with vaccines are:Common diseases with vaccines are: Distemper in dogs.Distemper in dogs. Panleukopenia in cats.Panleukopenia in cats.

These diseases are deadly!!!These diseases are deadly!!!

Vaccines Cont.Vaccines Cont.

Timing of an animals vaccinations are critical. Timing of an animals vaccinations are critical. An animal should be administered when the animal is very An animal should be administered when the animal is very

young, in order for the immune system to have a response.young, in order for the immune system to have a response. Administering the booster shot in less then 2 weeks and more Administering the booster shot in less then 2 weeks and more

then 8 decreases the chance of immunity.then 8 decreases the chance of immunity. However the immunity is not indefinite therefore the animal However the immunity is not indefinite therefore the animal

needs another shot every 1-3 years depending on what the needs another shot every 1-3 years depending on what the vaccine was for.vaccine was for.

Older animals have better immunity than younger animals.Older animals have better immunity than younger animals. A vaccine can fail if it is not handled correctly and certain A vaccine can fail if it is not handled correctly and certain

vaccines may increase the chance of a vaccines may increase the chance of a cancerous cancerous tumortumor..

Clinical PracticeClinical Practice

Biosecurity plays an important role in clinical Biosecurity plays an important role in clinical practice. practice. Biosecurity is the term used to describe practices that Biosecurity is the term used to describe practices that

protect safety in animals.protect safety in animals. Quarantining animals is also very important in Quarantining animals is also very important in

protecting animals.protecting animals. Quarantining is when you separate one animal from Quarantining is when you separate one animal from

the rest of the herd. the rest of the herd.