Chapter 15 AP US History

7/29/2019 Chapter 15 AP US History

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THE FERMENT OF REFORM &CULTURE


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Church attendance were regular in 1850(3/4pop)

Many relied on Deism (reason ratherrevelation); rejected original sin, denied

Christs divinity but believed in supremebeing that created universe Puritans of the past now-Unitarian faith(New

Eng.) -god existed in only 1 person not in orthodox

trinity; stressed goodness of human nature -belief n free will & salvation through good

work; pictured God as loving father -appealed to intellectuals w/ rationalism &

optimism


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liberalism in relig started in 1800 -tidal wave of spiritual fervor that result prison,

church reform, temperance cause, womensmovement, abolish slavery

-spread to mass through huge camp meetings -E went to W to Christianize Indians -Methodists & Baptist stressed personal

conversion, demo in church affairs,emotionalism

-Peter Cartwright-best known ofcircuit riders -Charles Grandison Finney were

greatest of revival preachers -led massive revivals in Rochester

& New York


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With a partner ID some of the issues thatreligious groups were confronted withduring this time period. What are some

issues that religion is involved in today?


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II. Denominational Diversity revival furthered fragmentation of religious

faith -New York w/ Puritans preaching hellfire

known as Burned-out District -Millerites(Adventists)-Christ return to

earth on Oct 22, 1844 (didnt come) widen lines bet. classes & region(like 1st

Awakening

) -conservatives, propertied-Episcopalian,Presbyterian, Congregationalists, Unitarians

-less learned of S & E-Methodists, Baptists Religious further split w/ issue on slavery

(Methodist, Presbyterians split)


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. A Desert Zion in Utah Joseph Smith(1830) came up(NY) w. Mormon

& Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints -antagonism toward Mormons for polygamy,

drilling militia, voting as a unit -Smith was killed but succeeded by Brigham

Young who led followers to Utah -grew quickly by 1850s by birth &

immigration from Euro -federal governor marched to Utah whenYoung became governor. But no bloodshed

-polygamy prevented Utah entrance to UStill 1896


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Identify two new religious groups thatbegan during this time period and statehow they impacted American society.


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Free School for a Free People Tax-supported primary school was

opposed because, it was related to

pauperism & used by poor Gradually supported because brats

might grow up to be rabbles w. votingrights

Free pub education, triumphed in 1825w/ vote power in Jackson elect

-ill taught & ill trained teachers -Horace Mann fought for better schools


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Too expensive for many communities;blacks exempt from education.

Important people-Noah Webster(dictionary);(Ohioan William H. McGuffey-Mcguffeys

readers) Higher Goals for Higher Learning 2nd Great Awakening led to building of small

schools in S & W (mainly for pride) -mainly focused on Latin, Greek, Math, moral

philosophy (boredom) 1st state supported university in N. Carolina

by Jefferson (dedication freedom fromreligion, politics)


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Women were too emotional andphysically weak to be educated, bettersuited to teach morals and served as the

families conscience Emma Willard-established Tory Female

Seminary (1821) & (Mount HolyokeSeminary 1837)

Libraries, public lectures, magazinesflourished


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Explain how education changed duringthis time period


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An Age of Reform

reformers vs. tobacco, alcohol, profanity,transit of mail on Sabbath, womens rights,

polygamy, medicines optimistic for a perfect society (women

important in making reforms)

-nave & ignored problems of factory

-fought for ending debtors prisons (poor lockin jail for less than $1)-gradually abolished

-criminal codes weakened & reformatoriesadded


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-mentally insane treated badly (ex.Dorothea Dix fought-classic petition of1843)

-agitation for peace(American PeaceSociety-1828)-William Ladd (had someimpact till Civil & Crimean war)


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Demon Rum-The Old Deluder drunkenness was widespread American Temperance Society formed at

Boston (1826)-Cold Water Army(children),

sign pledges, pamphlets (anti-alcohol tract-10 nights in a Barroom and What I SawThere-Arthur)

Vs. Demon Drink adopt 2 major line attack -stressed temperance(individual will to

resist) -legislature-removed temptation-Neal S Dow

Father of Prohibition -sponsored Maine Law of 1851-

prohibited make, sale liquor(follow byothers


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Do you think the government shouldprohibit the sale of alcohol in the U.S?


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Women in Revolt women stayed home, w/o voting rights, (19th

century)-better than Euro many women avoided marriage all together gender diff sharply w/ raising eco role -women weak physically & emotionally but

fined for teaching

-men strong but crude if not guided bywomen home center of women(even in reformer

Catharine Beecher) but many felt notenough

joined abolishing of slavery, touched by


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Staton, Elizabeth Blackwell (1st femalemedical graduate), Margaret Fuller, Grimkesisters (anti-slavery), Amelia bloomer (semi-short skirts)

Womens Rights Convention (1848)-SenecaFalls-NY

-Declaration of Sentiments-spirit of Decla ofInde- all Men & Women are created equal

-demanded ballot for women -launched modern womens rights

movement temperately eclipsed by slavery but

conditions improved


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Robert Owen founded New Harmony(1825) confusion

Brook Farm-Massa(1841)-20 intellectuals

committed to Transcendentalism (lastedtill 46)

Oneida Community-practiced free love,birth control, eugenic selection of parentsto produce superior offspring

Shakers-communistic community (led byMother Ann Lee)-1770 (cant marry so

extinct)


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Draw a chart identifying the leaders ofvarious Utopian societies mentioned inchapter 15. Describe their successes and

failures.


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. The Dawn of Scientific Achievement

early American interested in practicalscience than pure

-Jefferson & the plow -Nathaniel Bowditch-practical navigation

& oceanographer

-Matthew Maury-ocean winds, currents writers concerned basic science


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most influential US scientists -Benjamin Silliman(1779-1864)-pioneer in

chemist, geologist (taught in Yale)

-Louis Agassiz(1807-1873)-served atHarvard, insist on original research -Asa Gray (1810-1888)Harvard-Columbus

of botany

-John Audubon(1785-1851)painted birds medicine in US primitive, bleeding used

for cure; smallpox, yellow fever kill many


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life expectancy low

self-prescribed patent medicine common(often harmful)

surgery tied people down


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US imitated Euro styles 1820-50 Greek revival (inde from turk)

later gothic forms Thomas Jefferson most ablest architect of

generation (Montecello & University ofVirginia) Artists view because. no leisure time;

suffered from Puritan prejudice of art assinful waste

Gilbert Stuart (1755-1828)-paintedWashington & competed w/ Eng artists

Wilson Peale(1741-1827)painted 60 portraitsof Washington

John Trumbull(1756-1843)-captured rev. warin aint


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During nationalism upsurge after war of1812-US painters portrayed humanlandscapes & romanticism

Music shaking off bec. puritans frownedon non-relig singing

-Stephen Foster-Old Folk at Home(mostfamous)


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Washington Irving(1783-1859)-1st US intlrecog- The Sketch Book)

-James Fenimore

Cooper(1789-1851)-1st US novelist-leatherstocking tales(pop in Euro)

-William Cullen Bryant(1794-1878)-Thanatopsis(1st highly qualitypoems in US)


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Trumpeters of Transcendentalism

literature dawn in 2nd quarter of 19thcentury w/ transcendentalist movement

(1830) -vs. Locke (knowledge from reason); truth

not by observation alone but w/ innerlight

-individualism, black or white

-Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882)-popular bec. ideal reflected US

Chapter 15 AP US History

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