Chapter 15

Life at the Turn of the 20th Century

Section 1: New Immigrants

IMMIGRATION 1880-1910

“Old Immigrants” “New Immigrants”

-1800-1880 -1880-1910 -mostly from Northern & - mostly from Southern & Western Europe & Eastern Europe -mostly Protestant Christians -religiously, very diverse -fewer Chinese immigrants -rise in Japanese

immigration

= Creates Tension with Some Natives!!

http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2009/03/10/us/20090310-immigration-explorer.html

Why America?

-to flee religious/political persecution

a.) May Laws in Russia/Edict of Expulsion

b.) Greeks refugeesc.) Polish anti-Semitism

-To escape poverty and little economic opportunity (jobs)

a.) Land Shortage/Starvation/Poverty in Russia

- America - “the land of opportunity”

Ellis Island

• Immigration station located in the New York Harbor

•Immigrants had to pass inspection tests

Ellis Island

Ellis Island

Ellis Island

Angel Island

• Immigration station located on the Western seaboard in the

San Francisco Bay

Angel Island

Angel Island

Angel Island

Benevolent Societies

-centers set up in cities, usually in an ethnic neighborhood, to aide new immigrants

-to help immigrants look for jobs, education, and health care

Dennis Kearney

-immigrated to America from Ireland in 1868

-led the Workingmen’s Party of CA

-”The Chinese must go”

-crime, poverty, & violence

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

-law passed by Congress in 1882, banning Chinese immigration for 10 years-renewed in 1892-In 1902, Congress banned Chinese immigration indefinitely; repealed in 1943

Restrictions on Japanese Immigration

-Segregation of Schools

-Backlash from Japanese Government

-Gentlemen’s Agreement

Section 2: Urban Life

Frederick Law Olmsted

URBAN PLANNING

Elisha Otis-The Safety Elevator

What was the Gilded Age?

-Gilded- To give an often deceptively attractive or improved appearance to-1870s-1890s-The rich began to show off their money! Large houses, woman as a homemaker, entertaining, etc.

The Middle Class-accountants, clerks, managers, salespeople, teachers, engineers, lawyers, doctors, etc.

-Industry + Business + Population Increase= need for educated workers

Professionalization- certain professions were held to certain standards

The Working Class

-More people moving to cities kept wages low & jobs scarce poor people

-Many lived in tenements cramped, filthy apartments near their jobs no water, electricity, plumbing, etc.

Settlement House-taught skills to immigrants English & job-training-clubs & sports-Jane Addams-Social Gospel