Chapter 14 WATER Resources
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Transcript of Chapter 14 WATER Resources
Chapter 14Chapter 14WATER WATER
ResourcesResources
Chapter 14Chapter 14page 425: 2-3page 425: 2-3page 434: 1-3page 434: 1-3page 443: 1-2page 443: 1-2page 448: 18-20page 448: 18-20
Goals for ChapterGoals for Chapter
Describe where Earth’s water Describe where Earth’s water resources are located. resources are located.
How is Earth’s water a limited How is Earth’s water a limited resource?resource?
How can we manage our water How can we manage our water resources better?resources better?
What are the main causes and What are the main causes and impacts of water pollution?impacts of water pollution?
Discus with your table group and put the nswer in the back of your exit ticket.
1)Why is chlorine added to drinking water and wastewater treatment plants?
2)What was recently found in a local areas drinking water supply? It was in the news last summer and fall frequently.
Overarching Enduring Understandings
Water is a limited natural resource and we must be vigilant in our protection and conservation of this resource.
How many bodies of water can you identify/locate?
Is there more or less water on Earth today then there was 1 billion years ago?
Next time you take a drink, think about where that water might have been before.
Next time rain drops fall on you, think about where that water might have been just a few days ago.
Water is a powerful force on Earth’s surface
Water is critical to life…how long Water is critical to life…how long can you survive without it?can you survive without it?
It is a precious resource we often take for granted
It is sacred to some : The Maya believed natural wells, such as the Xkeken cenote in Mexico's Yucatán, led to the underworld.
Why Does Ice Float?Why Does Ice Float?
Why is the ocean cool Why is the ocean cool even when its 100 even when its 100
degrees out?degrees out?
How Can Water Make It How Can Water Make It All The Way To The Top All The Way To The Top
Of TreesOf Trees
Section 1: Water Section 1: Water ResourcesResources
GOALS:GOALS: Describe the location of water on Describe the location of water on
Earth’s surface.Earth’s surface. How does the water cycle “work?”How does the water cycle “work?” Explain why freshwater is a limited Explain why freshwater is a limited
resource.resource. TERMS: surface water, river system, TERMS: surface water, river system,
watershed, groundwater, aquifer, watershed, groundwater, aquifer, porosity, permeability, recharge zone, porosity, permeability, recharge zone, water cyclewater cycle
Water Is UniqueWater Is Unique Can’t live withoutCan’t live without Takes long time to Takes long time to
change temperaturechange temperature Stays liquid over Stays liquid over
large range of large range of temps.temps.
Expands when Expands when freezesfreezes
Great at dissolving Great at dissolving thingsthings
Commonly found as Commonly found as solid, liquid and gassolid, liquid and gas
Known as theUNIVERSAL SOLVENT
Water CycleWater Cycle
Water CycleWater CycleThe water cycle is:The water cycle is:
1.1. the continual the continual process by which process by which water moves through water moves through living and nonliving living and nonliving parts of our world.parts of our world.
2.2. Solar Powered – SUN Solar Powered – SUN DRIVENDRIVEN
3.3. Renewable ResourceRenewable Resource
Where is water found?Where is water found?
1. 75% of earth is covered in water2. 97% of that is in oceans3.0.05% is available for USE4.the remaining 3% fresh, mainly
in ice caps and glaciers.
Surface WaterSurface WaterFresh water on Earth’s Fresh water on Earth’s
landland
1.1. RiversRivers
2.2. LakesLakes
3.3. StreamsStreams
4.4. PondsPonds
5.5. Critical for: drinking, Critical for: drinking, transportation, waste transportation, waste
removal, industry, food, removal, industry, food,
farming, recreation farming, recreation
Watershed: an area of land that is drained by a single river
Watershed is also known as a drainage basin
A DIVIDE is the ridge that separates water sheds or water basins: If you think about this is common sense. Gravity makes water flow down hill so the highest ridge divides the basins
Mississippi River Watershed is the largest in U.S.How does a cattle farmer in Montana potentially impact a shrimp fisherman in Louisiana?
Did You Know?Did You Know? The Mississippi River Basin The Mississippi River Basin covers 3 million square kilometers (1.2 million covers 3 million square kilometers (1.2 million sq mi), making it the third largest watershed in sq mi), making it the third largest watershed in the world. It drains 41% of the land area of the the world. It drains 41% of the land area of the contiguous US.contiguous US.
Did You Know?Did You Know? The Mississippi River Basin The Mississippi River Basin covers 3 million square kilometers (1.2 million covers 3 million square kilometers (1.2 million sq mi), making it the third largest watershed in sq mi), making it the third largest watershed in the world. It drains 41% of the land area of the the world. It drains 41% of the land area of the contiguous US.contiguous US.
World’s River Systems and Watershed
Groundwater
Water beneath Earth’s surface, located in rocks, sediment and soil
Groundwater
What is a recharge zone?
Recharge zone is the surface area surrounding an aquifer where water in the form of precipitation or surface water replenishes the groundwater supply
Aquifer
Aquifer is an underground rock formation containing waterImportant source of water
Porosity
How much space (pores) or holes found in rock
Where water can flow through
Porous rock can hold lots of water
Aeration vs SaturationZone of Aeration: pore spaces partially filled with water.Zone of Saturation: pore spaces completely filled with water
The water table is where the two zones meet. If you dig a hole and it fills with water you are at the water table
Permeable vs. Impermeable
The ability of rock or soil to allow water to flow through it
Sand and gravel are permeable
Clay and blacktop are impermeable
Section 1 REVIEW
Describe the location of water on Describe the location of water on Earth’s surface.Earth’s surface.
How does the water cycle “work?”How does the water cycle “work?” Explain why freshwater is a limited Explain why freshwater is a limited
resource.resource. TERMS: surface water, river system, TERMS: surface water, river system,
watershed, groundwater, aquifer, watershed, groundwater, aquifer, porosity, permeability, recharge zone, porosity, permeability, recharge zone, water cyclewater cycle
Section 2 : Water Use and Management
GOALS: Identify how water is used in home,
industry and agriculture. Explain how and why water is treated
before coming to your home. Describe ways to increase water supplies Identify ways to conserve water TERMS: potable, pathogen, dam,
reservoir, desalinization
One third of all the One third of all the people on Earth are people on Earth are affected by water affected by water shortages.shortages.
One third of all the One third of all the people on Earth are people on Earth are affected by water affected by water shortages.shortages.
How Much Water Do You Use
Average person in U.S. uses about 80 gallons a day
What can you learn from this chart?
How Much Water Is Needed
http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/freshwater/embedded-water/
Your water footprinthttp://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/freshwater/water-footprint-calculator/
Making Water SafePotable: safe to drink(Amoeba found in the
water)
Most water needs to be treated. Chlorine is used to kill pathogens: organisms that cause diseases
Bacteria, viruses, worms
Uses of WaterIndustrial Water
Use 19% of
worldwide water use
Cooling power plants
To make “stuff”
Uses of WaterAgriculture: 67% of worldwide
water use Irrigation: providing
water to plants 80 gallons to
produce 1 ear of corn
1 lb. beef = 1,000 gal.
LOTS OF WATER
Irrigation
Irrigation
Drip Irrigation, reduces that number greatly
As much as 80% normally evaporates
Water Management
Humans have altered water flow for thousands of years
Engineering
Dams, canals, pipes, towers bring water to where it is needed
California aqueduct brings water hundreds of miles, across deserts, mountains
Desalinization
Removing salt from salt water
Has a lot of promise
Very energy intensive
Very expensive What to do with
waste? Future? DESALINATION
Water ConservationFastest, easiest way
to increase water supplies is to use less water
Agriculture Industry At homeWhat are some ways
you can conserve water?
Discus with your table group and put the answer in the back of your exit ticket.
1)Why is chlorine added to drinking water and wastewater treatment plants?
2)What was recently found in a local areas drinking water supply? It was in the news last summer and fall frequently.
Large lossesof water throughevaporation
Large lossesof water throughevaporation
Reduces Flooded land which destroys forests or cropland anddisplaces people
Reduces Flooded land which destroys forests or cropland anddisplaces people
Downstream flooding is reducedDownstream flooding is reduced
Downstream cropland andestuaries are deprived ofnutrient-rich silt
Downstream cropland andestuaries are deprived ofnutrient-rich silt
Reservoir is useful for recreation and fishing
Can produce cheap electricity (hydropower)
Migration and spawning of some fish are disruptedMigration and spawning of some fish are disrupted
Provides waterfor year-roundirrigation ofcropland
Pros and Cons of DamsPROS of Dams in Blue boxes
CONS of Dams in white boxesCONS of Dams in white boxes
Dams and ReservoirsReservoir: an artificial
lake often behind a dam that provides water and recreation for people.
PROS of Dams:1. Flood control 2. Recreation3. Supply water4. Generate electricity
Dams and ReservoirsCONS of Dams:1. Large water loss from
evaporation2. Downstream flooding
reduced3. Downstream crops deprived
of nutirents and silt and sediment
4. Migrating spawning fish disrupted
Too Much Water: FloodsToo Much Water: Floods
Natural Events: Natural Events: heavy rainfall, heavy rainfall, melting snow melting snow are major are major causes of causes of flooding. flooding.
Floodplain: the Floodplain: the natural area natural area around a river around a river where flooding where flooding normally occurs. normally occurs.
Too Much Water: FloodsToo Much Water: Floods
Reducing Reducing Flooding is Flooding is harmful:harmful:
1.1. Removing Removing wetlandswetlands
2.2. Building levees Building levees 3.3. Making more Making more
land land impermeable impermeable (development)(development)
Section 2 Review Identify how water is used in home,
industry and agriculture. Explain how and why water is
treated before coming to your home. Describe ways to increase water
supplies Identify ways to conserve water TERMS: potable, pathogen, dam,
reservoir, desalinization
Section 3: Water PollutionGOALS:
Compare point-sources and non-point sources of water pollution
Describe the 5 classifications of water pollution
Explain why it is difficult to clean up groundwater
What does the Clean Water Act do? TERMS: water pollution, point-source,
non-point source, wastewater, biomagnification, eutrophication
Freshwater animals are vanishing faster than those on land or at sea.
WHO:WHO: 3.4 million 3.4 million
premature deaths premature deaths each year from each year from waterborne waterborne diseasesdiseases
1.9 million die 1.9 million die from diarrhea from diarrhea
U.S. 1.5 million U.S. 1.5 million illnessesillnesses
Water Pollution and Water Pollution and HealthHealth
What is Water Pollution?
Water Pollution: is the introduction of any chemical, physical, or biological substances that affects organisms that depend upon it.
Point Source
Pollution coming from one single place
1. Leaking tanker2. Pipe from a
factory3. Leaking
underground storage tank
4. Can easily be ID and traced
Point Sources are usually easily identified
Non-Point SourceComes from various
sources that are hard to identify and may be spread over a large area
1. Runoff from farms2. Runoff from cities3. Hard to ID4. Hard t o control5. HUGE PROBLEM
How can a farmer in Minnesota affect the Gulf of Mexico?
NON-Point Pollution
Minnesota is located in the Mississippi River watershed so rain that falls in Minnesota eventually moves as runoff into tributaries of the Mississippi river. Fertilizer and pesticides that are applied to a farm in Minnesota run off into the Mississippi River and carried to the Gulf of Mexico. The increase in fertilizers and pesticides can cause nutrient and chemical pollution which affects the fish and shrimp in the Gulf of Mexico.
6 Types of Water Pollution
1)Wastewater2)Eutrophication3)Thermal Pollution4)Groundwater5)Ocean6)Sediment
Types of Water Pollution1) Wastewater
Water that flows down the drain
1. What’s in it?2. Where does it go?
(out-of-sight, out-of-mind)
3. Is it harmful?
Wastewater Treatment
2) Eutrophication
Too many nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorous) in the water causes algal blooms and decreased oxygen in water
1. Causes “dead zones” in water
2. Little or no oxygen
3) Thermal Pollution
Occurs when temperature of water rises rapidly
1. Power plants2. Factories cooling
equipment 3. Causes fish kills4. Decreases oxygen
in water
4) Groundwater Pollution
Pollution that percolates down from land or surface water pollution
1. Fertilizers, pesticides, leaking underground tanks
2. Many leaking underground tanks
5) Ocean PollutionPollutants directly or
indirectly put into oceans
1. Oil spills2. Runoff3. River pollution4. Cruise Ships5. Development along
coasts6. Increasingly a
problem
6)6) Sediment Pollution Sediment PollutionUnusually large Unusually large
amounts of sediment amounts of sediment that change an that change an aquatic environment aquatic environment
1.1. Sediment pollution Sediment pollution results from erosion.results from erosion.
2.2. Can degrade water Can degrade water quality, cause quality, cause photosynthesis rates photosynthesis rates to decline, and to decline, and disrupt food websdisrupt food webs
April 11, 2014 Discuss quickly with your group – Someone will report out:Describe why cleaning up ground water ground water pollution is more difficult than surface water pollution.
What would make groundwater pollution hard to clean up?
1.Groundwater pollution is difficult to monitor because it is hidden from view therefore the groundwater pollution if not seen until the water supply has been affected.
2.Rivers flow very quickly allowing the pollutants to flush out but it takes groundwater years to flush out.
3.Groundwater is much more difficult to get to and more difficult and very expensive to clean up.
Cleaning Up Water Pollution
Clean Water Act of 1972 was to “restore and maintain the physical, chemical and biological integrity of the nation’s water.”
1. Fishable and Swim able2. Better, but… still many polluted
water bodies
Cleaning Up Water Pollution
1. 1969 Cuyahoga River in Cleveland caught fire
2. 1972 Congress passes Clean Water Act
3. 1970s Environmental Activism/Awareness
4. “A Civil Action”: Woburn MASS
Safe Drinking Water ActSafe Drinking Water Act
1.1. 54 countries have 54 countries have drinking water lawsdrinking water laws
2.2. SDWA passed 1974 SDWA passed 1974 requires EPA to set requires EPA to set drinking water drinking water standards standards
3.3. Maximum Maximum Contaminating Contaminating Levels (MCLs)Levels (MCLs)
Review Water PollutionGOALS: Compare point-sources and non-point
sources of water pollution Describe the 5 classifications of water
pollution Explain why it is difficult to clean up
groundwater What does the Clean Water Act do? TERMS: water pollution, point-source,
non-point source, wastewater, biomagnification, eutrophication
Discuss with your table group and put the answer in the back of your exit ticket.
1)Explain how diverting the Mississippi River with Levees, flood gates and the MRGO (Mississippi River Gulf Outlet) has harmed Louisiana’s wetlands and contributes to Wetland loss and erosion.