Chapter 14 THE Roaring 20’s & the JAZZ AGE Section 1: Boom Times Section 2: Life in the Twenties...
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Transcript of Chapter 14 THE Roaring 20’s & the JAZZ AGE Section 1: Boom Times Section 2: Life in the Twenties...
The American NationHOLT
Chapter 14
THE Roaring 20’s & the JAZZ AGE
Section 1: Boom Times
Section 2: Life in the Twenties
Section 3: A Creative Era
Objectives:How did the economic boom affect consumers and
American businesses?How did the assembly line spur the growth of the
automobile industry?How did Henry Ford change working conditions during
the 1920s?How did widespread automobile use affect the daily lives
of many Americans?How did American industries encourage changes in
consumer practices?
Section 1: Boom Times
Social Tensions
City Country (rural)
FOR AGAINST
Alcohol
Gambling
Promiscuity
Science & technology
Entertainment & Play
Religion
Effects on consumersWage increases for workers increased their
purchasing power.Increased consumer demand led to the
development of new products.Electricity became more available.
Section 1: Boom Times
Effects on businessBusinesses used scientific management to increase
productivity.Factories became more efficient.
Section 1: Boom Times
The assembly line
cut production time and costsenabled reductions in priceallowed more consumers to buy cars
Section 1: Boom Times
Changes made by Henry Ford
developed the assembly lineincreased productivity but work became repetitiveincreased wagesshortened the workday
Section 1: Boom Times
The automobile’s effect on daily liveslinked rural areas to urban areas; contributed to
growth of suburbsuse of trains and trolley cars reduced; horse-drawn
vehicles replacedgrowth in popularity of auto-touringnew social opportunities for teenagersreduced sense of community
Section 1: Boom Times
Changing consumer practicesoffering of installment plans introduction of new materials and designsuse of advertisingbeginning of planned obsolescenceestablishment of retail chain stores
Section 1: Boom Times
The American NationHOLTSECTION 1
Boom Times
new materials and designs
advertising
retail chain storesplanned obsolescence
installment planCHANGINGCONSUMERPRACTICES
Objectives:What impact did prohibition have on crime?What were the characteristics of the new youth
culture?How did celebrities and new forms of popular
entertainment help create a mass culture?What did the religious movements of the 1920s
and the Scopes trial reveal about American society?
Section 2: Life in the Twenties
Prohibition’s impact on crimeProhibition of alcohol increased crime by creating an illegal market that manifested in speakeasies, bootlegging, and people making their own liquor.
Section 2: Life in the Twenties
Prohibition1920-193318th amendment -prohibits21st amendment repealsSome Key terms Speakeasies - place where liquor was sold illegally
Bootlegging
A wide variety of home made and in many cases dangerous liquors appeared.
The American NationHOLT
Take a look
Jack Brandy Made in Virginia, made of peaches and caused fingernails to bleed
Monkey Rum Made from molasses
Goat Whiskey Indiana
Rye Sap Whiskey
Midwest
Soda Pop Moon Philadelphia
YackYack Bourbon
Made from iodine and burnt sugar
A fellow named Henry S. rented a saloon where he could sell soda pop and malt over the bar. If a customer asked for beer, Henry would take a shot of moonshine, pour it into the malt, hit the bottle with a rubber mallet and the moonshine and malt would mix to make beer.
This bottle of moonshine was kept on a trap door behind the bar. A string was attached to the door which could be pulled from any place behind the bar. If any federals, or suspicious looking persons came in, Henry could pull the string, the trap door would open, the bottle would fall down onto a pile of rocks in the cellar and the evidence was gone.
Characteristics of the youth cultureThe “new woman” sought social and economic
independence.College enrollment tripled.New fashions were worn.New leisure activities such as dance marathons
and flagpole sitting became popular.
Section 2: Life in the Twenties
Creation of a mass cultureRadio, books, and magazines allowed people to
share ideas, information, and entertainment.Movies and sports gave common cultural
experiences.Celebrities and heroes allowed people to share
common acquaintances.
Section 2: Life in the Twenties
American societyAmericans had different opinions about social
change.There was a deep division between traditional
religious values and new values based on scientific thought.
There were different values about what was appropriate in movies and radio.
Section 2: Life in the Twenties
WomenFlappers - named for women of the 20’s adopting new
styles including the “bob” hair style, smoking cigs and drinking and wearing the shorter skirt
The skirt change was understandable
why?
WomenThe long dress collected too much street dirtWW1 used a lot of fabric for war creating a shortage
flappers
Education
1914 ½ million HS STUDENTS1926 4 MILLIONWhy? There were better jobs to be gained by education
in the industriesTaxes helped pay for schools
In the News Lindberg
33 ½ hours from NY to Paris25 years oldSpirit of St. LouisLeft Long Island and landed at an airfield in
France with 50,000 people waiting for himReason for flying: $25,000 prize since 1919
Famous Photo
The American NationHOLT
The flight
451 gallons of fuelBad weather –made him consider turning back over New
Foundland –sleet and hard rainused a periscope to see where he was goingTook 34 hours
d
Only real danger was at nightKey instrument was earth indicator compass-
based on earth’s magnetic field to airplanes magnetic field
1st time he passed up the airfieldBecame known as Lucky Lindy
The flight
The American NationHOLT
Babe Ruth
1921-1932- 7 world series1923 –built new stadium
– House that Ruth built1948 set up foundation to
help under privileged kids
Sports
Black Sox scandal of 1919 The Babe brought people back to the ball park after this scandal kept them away
Eight players were accused of fixing the world series and throwing the series
A jury found them innocent but Commissioner Landis banned the 8 players anyway
Shoeless Joe Jackson
Red Grange
Helped popularize football in the Midwest at Western Illinois
The American NationHOLT
Knute RockneLegendary Irish football
coach for Notre Dame college in Indiana
4 horsemen of Notre Dame
Jack Dempsey vs Gene TunneyDempsey was the
Manassa Mauler2 great fights both
won by Tunney – eventually led to 1 million dollar purses
A then-record crowd of 120,757, which paid a then-record live gate of $1.8 million, packed Sesquicentennial Stadium on Sep. 23, 1926 and braved a driving rainstorm to watch the biggest and most anticipated sporting event in history.
Bobby Jones
Only golfer to wins golf’s grand slam in the same year
He was an amateur –he was independently wealthy
Man O WarTriple crown champion
Entertainment and Writers
Charlie ChaplinAl Jolson – starred in Jazz Singer – the first movie
with sound was in 1927Writers wrote against materialism
F Scott Fitzgerald
Women -1920’s- Suffrage
Women’s contribution of WW 1 led to the 19th amendment and voting rights in 1920.
Alice Paul and Lucy Burns formed the National Woman's party and held parades and marches
The amendment was named the Anthony amendment after Susan B Anthony
The American NationHOLTSECTION 2
Life in the Twenties
movies
sportsradio
books and magazines
celebritiesand heroes
SHAREDCULTURAL
EXPERIENCES
Objectives:How did jazz and blues become popular
nationwide?What impact did the Harlem Renaissance have on
American society?How did writers of the Lost Generation portray
American life?What were some of the major inspirations behind
new movements in the visual arts and architecture?
Section 3: A Creative Era
The popularity of jazz and bluesoriginated in the Southspread nationwide as musicians moved northbegan to be played by white musicians alsopopularized in jazz clubs and by big bands
Section 3: A Creative Era
Impact of the Harlem Renaissancesource of pride for African Americansnew respect for black theatercelebration of ethnic identityexposure of African American struggles
Section 3: A Creative Era
Black RenaissanceFueled by:Population shift from
South to North
a] Henry Ford opens the assembly line to
Black workers in 1914
b] boll weevil destroys cotton fields in 1914
Harlem Renaissance
Center for the nations black intellectuals including cultural, music, literature, dance, drama and painting
Louis ArmstrongTrumpeter that
helped along with King Oliver bring about jazz
Traveled North of the Mason Dixon Line
Along with Duke Ellington(Harlem 1923) helped create the Jazz sound
Josephine Baker
Lived in Paris as a singer and dancer
During World War I The Chicago Defender started an aggressive (and successful) campaign in support of "The Great Migration" movement. This movement
resulted in over 1,500,000 southern blacks migrating to the North between 1915-1925. The Defender spoke of
the difficulties in the South and praised life in the North. Job listings and train schedules were posted to facilitate the relocation. The Defender's support of the movement caused southern readers to migrate to the North in record numbers. At least 110,000 came to
Chicago alone between 1916-1918.
Founder Robert Abbott
Racial Tensions
Chicago Riots1919 – a 17 yr. Old black
swimmer crossed from the Lake Michigan black beach to the white beach while swimming
White bathers threw rocks at him until he drowned
That led to riots which killed
23 blacks, 15whites and injured 520
W.E.B. Dubois Booker T Washington
Militant black leader who wanted to strive for higher education goals and equality immediately . Helped found the NAACP. At this time, blacks had little role in either Political party
Founded the Tuskegee Institute to gain skills for African Americans to gain trades and an economic freedom first before pressing for political gains
Marcus GarveyStarted the UNIA (Universal Negro Improvement
Association) from his native Jamaica and he enrolled ½ million Americans
Started the Back to Africa MovementStarted the Black is beautiful theme
James Weldon JohnsonAfrican American – a lawyerIntroduced anti lynching law to Congress because
between 1889-1919 there were 3,224 lynching without a trial
Ida Wells Barnett helped establish an anti lynching league
Life as portrayed by the Lost Generation writersWar was devastating and useless.College life was superficial.Pursuit of wealth and status led to emptiness.Middle-class life was empty and required
conformity.
Section 3: A Creative Era
Inspirations for the visual arts and architectureurban and industrial settingsnobility of workerstyranny of the wealthySullivan’s ideas about form and functionFrank Lloyd Wright’s “prairie style”
Section 3: A Creative Era
The American NationHOLTSECTION 3
A Creative Era
PORTRAYAL OF AMERICAN LIFE BY LOST GENERATION WRITERS
Ernest Hemingway F. Scott Fitzgerald Sinclair Lewis
showed the devastation and uselessness of war
revealed superficiality of college life and the emptiness associated with the pursuit of status and wealth
discussed the emptiness and conformity of middle-class life