Chapter 14 section 3Chapter 14 section 3

The Punic WarsThe Punic Wars

Conflicts with CarthageConflicts with Carthage

By 264 B.C. Rome had conquered Greek By 264 B.C. Rome had conquered Greek city-states in Southern Italycity-states in Southern Italy

Came into contact with Carthage Came into contact with Carthage (Phoenician City in Northern Africa)(Phoenician City in Northern Africa)

Carthage controlled- Spain, islands off the Carthage controlled- Spain, islands off the coast of Italy, Sardinia and Sicilycoast of Italy, Sardinia and Sicily

Rome feels threatenedRome feels threatened

Carthage’s “Empire”Carthage’s “Empire”

First Punic WarFirst Punic War

War breaks out in 264 B.C. It lasts for 23 War breaks out in 264 B.C. It lasts for 23 yearsyearsCarthage’s strength is its navyCarthage’s strength is its navyRome’s strength is its army – later built a Rome’s strength is its army – later built a navy modeled after the Carthaginian navy modeled after the Carthaginian warshipswarshipsAdded a corvus (bridge) to the ships that Added a corvus (bridge) to the ships that allowed soldiers to board enemy ships and allowed soldiers to board enemy ships and fight hand to handfight hand to hand

Romans lost many ships during storms Romans lost many ships during storms during 1during 1stst war. war.

End result- around 241 B.C. Rome defeats End result- around 241 B.C. Rome defeats Carthage, terms of peace involved Carthage, terms of peace involved Carthage left and gave up control of SicilyCarthage left and gave up control of Sicily

Hannibal and the 2Hannibal and the 2ndnd Punic War Punic War

War breaks out again in 218 B.C.War breaks out again in 218 B.C.

Carthage is lead by Hannibal Barca- he Carthage is lead by Hannibal Barca- he attacks Rome from the North- came attacks Rome from the North- came through Spain and Gaul (France) crossing through Spain and Gaul (France) crossing Alps into Italy.Alps into Italy.

He used elephants to help his army cross He used elephants to help his army cross the Alpsthe Alps

Hannibal’s routeHannibal’s route

Hannibal fights his way through Italy until Hannibal fights his way through Italy until he reaches Rome’s gateshe reaches Rome’s gatesCarthage did not have the equipment and Carthage did not have the equipment and supplies to break down the city wallssupplies to break down the city wallsHannibal and his army wander around Hannibal and his army wander around southern Italy for about 15 years, raiding southern Italy for about 15 years, raiding smaller townssmaller townsRome attacks Carthage and Hannibal is Rome attacks Carthage and Hannibal is called to go back home to help defend her.called to go back home to help defend her.

Hannibal loses his first battle- at the town Hannibal loses his first battle- at the town of Zama, and Carthage’s power is brokenof Zama, and Carthage’s power is broken

201 B.C.- Carthage agrees to pay Rome 201 B.C.- Carthage agrees to pay Rome money and give up its territories including money and give up its territories including SpainSpain

End of 2 Punic WarsEnd of 2 Punic Wars

Rome gains territory Rome gains territory in Spain- so the in Spain- so the republic is growing in republic is growing in size and power.size and power.

33rdrd Punic War Punic War

Peace last for 50 yearsPeace last for 50 years

Carthage starts to regain some of its Carthage starts to regain some of its powerpower

Rome attacks in 149 B.C.- they burned Rome attacks in 149 B.C.- they burned Carthage and plowed salt into their fields Carthage and plowed salt into their fields so nothing would growso nothing would grow

People of Carthage either killed, or People of Carthage either killed, or captured and sold into slaverycaptured and sold into slavery

Problems with CorinthProblems with Corinth

146 B.C.- Greek city Corinth gives Rome 146 B.C.- Greek city Corinth gives Rome some problems- by refusing to obey some problems- by refusing to obey Roman ordersRoman orders

Rome attacks Corinth and burns it to the Rome attacks Corinth and burns it to the groundground

Rome already controlled Macedonia and Rome already controlled Macedonia and Syria- now Greece came under its power Syria- now Greece came under its power and controland control

Rome after 3Rome after 3rdrd Punic War Punic War

Chapter 14 Section 4Chapter 14 Section 4

After the Punic Wars …After the Punic Wars …

ChangesChanges

Adding new territories brings changes to Adding new territories brings changes to agricultureagricultureSmall farms replaced by large estate like farms Small farms replaced by large estate like farms called Latifundias that produced crops and called Latifundias that produced crops and livestock for salelivestock for saleRome begins to import wheat from Sicily and Rome begins to import wheat from Sicily and North AfricaNorth AfricaMuch of the land was ruined in Rome because Much of the land was ruined in Rome because farmers burned the crops and fields when farmers burned the crops and fields when Hannibal and his army were living off the land Hannibal and his army were living off the land during the 2during the 2ndnd Punic War Punic War

Rome begins to enslave the people that were captured during times Rome begins to enslave the people that were captured during times of war to work on the latifundiasof war to work on the latifundiasFarmers sell their land and move into the city.Farmers sell their land and move into the city.Living conditions were crowed and unsanitaryLiving conditions were crowed and unsanitaryDisease such as typhus was commonDisease such as typhus was commonThe typhus symptoms include gastrointestinal disorders, headache, The typhus symptoms include gastrointestinal disorders, headache, dry hacking cough, nausea, joints pain, and back ache. The major dry hacking cough, nausea, joints pain, and back ache. The major symptom in this kind of typhus is a persistent fever up to 105-106 symptom in this kind of typhus is a persistent fever up to 105-106 degrees. The duration of the fever may be anywhere between 12-15 degrees. The duration of the fever may be anywhere between 12-15 days. There may be rashes of dull rash color on the body. Some days. There may be rashes of dull rash color on the body. Some other typhus symptoms are delirium, stupor and low blood pressure. other typhus symptoms are delirium, stupor and low blood pressure. The epidemic typhus symptoms are more or less same including The epidemic typhus symptoms are more or less same including fever and rashes.fever and rashes.No industry is Rome- most businesses were staffed by Greek slavesNo industry is Rome- most businesses were staffed by Greek slavesFarmers got money by selling votes to politiciansFarmers got money by selling votes to politicians

Rome expands borders- demand taxes Rome expands borders- demand taxes and enslave those who were conquered.and enslave those who were conquered.

Tax collectors were called Tax collectors were called publicanspublicans- they - they paid ahead of time for contracts but would paid ahead of time for contracts but would collect extra money from the conquered collect extra money from the conquered people.people.

Roman farmers lost their land as well as Roman farmers lost their land as well as their political and economic independencetheir political and economic independence

Roman luxuries could be imported from Roman luxuries could be imported from elsewhere- leaving the Roman merchants poor.elsewhere- leaving the Roman merchants poor.

Artisans lost business because rich Romans Artisans lost business because rich Romans wanted items from Syria and Greecewanted items from Syria and Greece

Government officials were getting rich, but not Government officials were getting rich, but not fixing problemsfixing problems

The gap between rich and poor was getting The gap between rich and poor was getting largerlarger

This leads to political instabilityThis leads to political instability