Chapter 14 Lecture Two of Two Perseus and the Myths of the Argive Plain ©2012 Pearson Education...
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Transcript of Chapter 14 Lecture Two of Two Perseus and the Myths of the Argive Plain ©2012 Pearson Education...
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Chapter 14Lecture Two of Two
Perseus and the Myths of the Argive Plain
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LEGENDS OF PERSEUSDanaë and the Shower of Gold
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Shower of Gold
• Lynceus (the one spared) in Argos after Danaüs
• His son Abas has twins– Acrisius, rules in Argos– Proetus, rules in nearby Tiryns
• Acrisius has a daughter, Danaë, but wants sons
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Shower of Gold
• Oracles says Danaë will have a son, but that he will kill him (Acrisius)
• Zeus’s “rain shower” impregnates her
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Fig. 14.4 Shower of Gold
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Réunion des Musées Nationaux/Art Resource, New York
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Shower of Gold
• Set adrift in a wooden box• Dictys at Seriphos• Polydectes
– Perseus tricked into going on a quest for the head of a Gorgon
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Fig. 14.5 Locked in a Box
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Photograph © 2011 Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
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THE LEGEND OF PERSEUSPerseus, the Gorgon Slayer
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Perseus, the Gorgon Slayer
• Gorgons– Stheno– Euryalê– Medusa (the only mortal Gorgon)
• Help from the Graeae– “Where can the Gorgons be found?”
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Perseus, the Gorgon Slayer
• Magical implements– Cap of Hades– Winged sandals– The kibisis– Extra sharp sword– Highly polished bronze shield
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Fig. 14.6 The Gorgon-Slayer
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Musée du Louvre, Paris; © Giraudon/Art Resource, New York
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Perseus, the Gorgon Slayer
• From the body of Medusa, who was pregnant by Poseidon– Pegasus, later tamed by Bellerophon – Chrysaör
• Perseus frees his mother from Polydectes’s aggression with the head of Medusa
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Fig. 14.7
The Gorgon in Flight Perseus in Pursuit
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Staatliche Antikensammlungen und Glyptothek, Munich; Hirmer Fotoarchiv, Munich
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PERSEUS AND ANDROMEDA
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Perseus and Andromeda
• A variant has Perseus returning to Seriphos after a few adventures
• Joppa ruled by Cepheus
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Perseus and Andromeda
• Cepheus’s daughter, Andromeda, about to be sacrificed to a sea monster, because of the rash boast by her mother, Cassiopeä– Perseus given Andromeda and the kingdom for
having freed her
• Phineus, to whom Andromeda had been betrothed, killed with his men by the head of Medusa
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Perspective 1“Although they are false gods, it is lawful in this to imitate the ancients, who under these names hid allegorically the concepts of philosophy."
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Palazzo Vecchio, Florence; Scala/Art Resource, New York
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THE DEATH OF ACRISIUS
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The Death of Acrisius
• Perseus returns to Argos• Acrisius flees (it is fated that Perseus will kill
him)• At a sports contest in Thessaly, Perseus
accidentally kills him with a stray discus• Trades Argos of Tiryns with Megapenthes, a
son of Proteus• Perseus also builds Mycenae
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The Death of Acrisius
• After a long rule, Perseus and Andromeda become constellations, where their story can be seen
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OBSERVATIONSPerseus and Folktale
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Perseus and Folktale
• Perseus’ tale is nearly a child’s fairy tale• Closest we have to a folktale• The form of the girl’s tragedy for Danaë
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Perseus and Folktale
• Prohibition– Can’t marry
• Seclusion– Locked in a chamber
• Violation of the prohibition– The shower
• Threat of punishment or death– Set adrift in a box
• Liberation– Save by Dictys
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Perseus and Folktale
• Perseus’s story somewhat like Gilgamesh’s– More emphasis on the quest
• Extraordinary birth; his own strength a threat to his family; impossible labors with divine help; rewarded in the end with a kingdom and wife
• Differences: no taboo, no male friend
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Perseus and Folktale
• Perseus devoid of internal struggle and personality– These are adult themes and not a part of folktale
• Perhaps the Perseus story circulated as oral tales (for children?) before it was written down
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MEDUSA’S HEAD
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Medusa’s Head
• Deeper, psychological meaning?– Freud: Medusa’s head is the female pudenda
• A reflection of the social conditions under which a young boy was raised?– The death of Medusa symbolic of the boy’s
release from his mother
• Overthrown of aboriginal matriarchy ?
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Medusa’s Head
• Medusa perhaps not an original part of the Perseus story
• Homer:– Gorgo on the shield of Agamemnon– Gorgo on the walls of Hades’s palace
• When, where, how, and why the “Gorgons” develop their full iconography is not known
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Medusa’s Head
• Cult of the snake goddess?• Image used as apotropaic device
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Perspective 14.2Classical Myth and the Stars.
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Image © The Metropolitan Museum of Art/Art Resource, New York
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End
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