Chapter 13 Prisons and Jails

CJ

© 2011 Cengage Learning

Chapter 13Chapter 13

Prisons and JailsPrisons and Jails


Learning Outcomes

LO1: List the factors that have caused the prison population to grow dramatically in the last several decades.

LO2: List and briefly explain the four types of prisons.

LO3: Summarize the distinction between jails and prisons, and indicate the importance of jails in the American correctional system.

LO4: Explain how jails are administered. LO5: Indicate some of the consequences of our

high rates of incarceration.

1LO


List the factors that have caused the prison population to grow

dramatically in the last several decades.


Learning Outcome 1Factors in prison growth:• Penal harm movement• Enhancement and stricter enforcement

of drug laws• Increased probability of incarceration• Inmates are serving more time for each

crime• Federal prison growth• Rising incarceration rates for women


Learning Outcome 1The Prison Construction Boom• In 1980, the Federal Bureau of Prisons had a

budget of $330 million. • Today, its budget is $5 billion. • State governments spend more than $49

billion on correction systems.

Some believe that the increase in prison space spurred the inmate population boom. 0


Learning Outcome 1

The Role of Prisons• Custodial model• Rehabilitation model• Reintegration model

2LO


List and briefly explain the for

types of prisons.


Learning Outcome 2

Maximum-Security Prisons:• Designed with full attention to

security and surveillance.

• Inmates’ lives are programmed in militaristic fashion and dominated by security measures.


Learning Outcome 2Supermax:• Reserved for the “worst of the worst”• A controlled environment• Supermax Syndrome

– Violate standards for proper treatment?– SHU (security housing unit) syndrome


Learning Outcome 2Medium-Security Prisons:• Prisoners who have committed less

serious crimes; not considered high risk for escaping or harming others.

• Offer more educational and training programs.

• Prisoners have more freedom of movement.

• Levels of surveillance are lower.


Learning Outcome 2

Minimum-Security Prison:• Most inmates are first-time offenders. • No armed guards. • Prisoners allowed TV, computers,

freedom of movement. • Educational and employment

opportunities.


Learning Outcome 2

Formal Prison Management:• Chain of command (a strong

hierarchy is vital)• May lack continuity of purpose

(rehabilitation versus punishment)


CAREERPREPWarden

Job Description:• As chief managing officer of an adult correctional institution, the

warden is responsible for the custody, feeding, clothing, housing, care, treatment, discipline, training, employment, rehabilitation, and well-being of inmates.

• Provides institutional staff with effective communications, training, and leadership.

What Kind of Training Is Required?• A bachelor’s degree in criminal justice, social work/psychology, or a

related field.• One or more years of work experience in the management of a major

division of a correctional institution.

Annual Salary Range?$42,000–$95,000 (depending on size of institution and geographic

region)

For additional information, visit: www.legal-criminal-justice-schools.com/Criminal-Justice-Careers/prison-warden.html.


Learning Outcome 2

Governing Prison Populations:• Order

– The absence of misconduct, such as murder, assault and rape

• Amenities– Comforts that make life “livable,” such as

cleaning living conditions, and good food

• Services – Programs designed to improve inmates’

prospects upon release


Learning Outcome 2

Private prisons are correctional facilitiesoperated by private corporations instead ofthe government.

• Private prisons are often reliant on profit for survival.

• Private prison populations are forecasted to continue to grow over the near future.


Learning Outcome 2

Why Privatize?• Cost efficiency

– Competitive bidding– Labor costs– Less red tape

• Overcrowding and outsourcing


Learning Outcome 2Arguments Against Privatization:• Safety concerns• Financial concerns• Philosophical concerns

3LO


Summarize the distinction between jails and prisons, and indicate the importance of jails in

the American correctional system.


Learning Outcome 3The function of jails: • Holding those convicted of misdemeanors.• Receiving individuals pending arraignment

and holding them while awaiting trial (if they cannot post bail), conviction, or sentencing.

• Temporarily detaining juveniles pending transfer to juvenile authorities.

• Holding the mentally ill pending transfer to health facilities.


Learning Outcome 3The function of jails:• Detaining those who have violated conditions

of probation or parole and those who have “jumped” bail.

• Housing inmates awaiting transfer to federal or state prisons.

• Operating community-based corrections programs such as home confinement and electronic monitoring.


Learning Outcome 3The Jail Population:• 87% of jail inmates are male • 30% are pretrial detainees• 37% have been convicted of their

current charge• The remainder of inmates housed

include the mentally ill and those awaiting transfer.

College of Natural and Social Sciences

I don't have the updated statistics for this slide in my proof.


Learning Outcome 3Two realities of jails• Terms are generally too short to allow

the prisoner to gain any benefit from the jail’s treatment facilities.

• Jails are chronically overcrowded, and judges need to clear space for new offenders.

College of Natural and Social Sciences

I don't have the updated statistics for this slide in my proof.

4LO


Explain how jails are administered.


Learning Outcome 4

Jail Administration:• The burden of jail management

– Sheriff’s may view the jail as a lower priority than crime prevention and control

• The challenge of overcrowding– Living conditions– Supply and demand


CAREERPREPDeputy Sheriff/Jail Division

Job Description:• Responsible for supervising jail inmates by ensuring that order,

discipline, safety, and security are maintained. • Transport or escort inmates and defendants from jail to

courtrooms, attorneys’ offices, or medical facilities.

What Kind of Training Is Required?• Depending on the jurisdiction, possession of a high school

diploma or bachelor’s degree, as well as successful completion of written and physical examinations, training, and a probationary period.

• Some states require completion of a “jail academy” training course of up to sixteen weeks including field training.

Annual Salary Range?$44,000–$55,000

For additional information, visit: www.usdsa.org.

5LO


Indicate some of the consequences of our high

rates of incarceration.


Learning Outcome 5• Positive consequences include a

correlation with a drop in the crime rate.

• Negative consequences include social consequences for families and communities, and disenfranchisement of inmates who lose their right to vote.

Chapter 13 Prisons and Jails

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