Chapter 13 presentation by azar

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1 13-1 Verb + gerund 13-2 Go + -ing 13-3 Verb + infinitive 13-4 Verb + gerund or infinitive 13-5 Preposition + gerund 13-6 Using by and with to express how something is done 13-7 Using gerunds as subjects; using it + infinitive 13-8 It + infinitive: using for (someone) 13-9 Expressing purpose with in order to and for 13-10 Using infinitives with too and enough CONTENTS

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Transcript of Chapter 13 presentation by azar

Page 1: Chapter 13 presentation by azar

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13-1 Verb + gerund

13-2 Go + -ing 13-3 Verb + infinitive 13-4 Verb + gerund or infinitive

13-5 Preposition + gerund 13-6 Using by and with to express how something is done 13-7 Using gerunds as subjects; using it + infinitive 13-8 It + infinitive: using for (someone) 13-9 Expressing purpose with in order to and for 13-10 Using infinitives with too and enough

CONTENTS

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13-1 VERB + GERUND

She keeps worrying about her husband.

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13-1 VERB + GERUND

(a) I like be with you. verb gerund

• -ing form of a verb

• used as a noun

• object of the verb

ing

gerund

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13-1 VERB + GERUND

(b) They enjoy eating pizza. (c) They have finished working on a big

project.

(d) My sister never stops talking on the phone.

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13-1 VERB + GERUND

(e) I wish they would

quit arguing.

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13-1 VERB + GERUND

(f) Would you mind taking

my picture?

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13-1 VERB + GERUND

(g) I usually postpone doing my taxes until the

last minute.

(h) Many people put off doing their taxes until

the last minute.

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13-1 VERB + GERUND

(i) They have to keep (on) working until the

project is finished.

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13-1 VERB + GERUND

(j) They are considering breaking up.

(k) They are thinking about breaking up.

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13-1 VERB + GERUND

(l) They discussed breaking up.

(m) They talked about breaking up, but they

decided to stay together.

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13-1 VERB + GERUND

(n) She is considering not going to work today.

not + gerund = negative form

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13-1 LET’S PRACTICE

They are ____________ ______ out to play.

think about

go

thinking about going

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13-1 LET’S PRACTICE

Do you want to _________

_______ a new house?

talk about

buy

talk about buying

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13-1 LET’S PRACTICE

Would you _______ ______ us

less homework this week?

consider

give

consider

giving

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13-2 GO + -ING

It’s a beautiful day. Let’s go canoeing.

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13-2 GO + -ING

(a) Did you go skydiving yesterday?

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13-2 GO + -ING

(a) Did you go skydiving yesterday?

(b) We went camping on the beach.

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13-2 GO + -ING

(a) These guys are going skydiving soon.

(b) We went camping on the beach.

(c) Larry hasn’t gone skiing lately.

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go + gerund

certain expressions about activities

13-2 GO + -ING

(a) Did you go skydiving yesterday?

(b) We went camping on the beach.

(c) Larry hasn’t gone skiing lately.

INCORRECT: I like to go to dancing.

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13-2 LET’S PRACTICE

Mr. Anders loves to ___ ________.

go

fish

go fishing

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13-2 LET’S PRACTICE

My parents love to ___ ________.

go

dance

go dancing

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13-3 VERB + INFINITIVE

I expected you to be here an hour ago.

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13-3 VERB + INFINITIVE

(a) I hope to graduate

this year.

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13-3 VERB + INFINITIVE

(a) I hope to graduate this year

(b) He intends to study hard this year.

to + simple form of verb = AN INFINITIVE

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13-3 VERB + INFINITIVE

(a) I hope to graduate this year

(b) He intends to study hard this year.

(c) She decided not to attend medical school.

negative = not + infinitive

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13-3 LET’S PRACTICE

At their wedding, they ________ ___ ____

together forever.

promise

stay

promised to stay

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13-3 LET’S PRACTICE

I _____ _____ _____ _____ on a cruise,

but I can’t afford it.

would love

go

would love to go

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13-3 LET’S PRACTICE

I ______ ___ ___ out of money.

seem

be

seem to be

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13-4 VERB + GERUND OR INFINITIVE

I love to go fishing with

my dad.

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13-4 VERB + GERUND OR INFINITIVE

(a) All of a sudden, it began raining.

(b) All of a sudden, it began to rain.

gerund

or infinitive

some

verbs

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13-4 LET’S PRACTICE

I _____ ___ _____ in line.

I _____ _______ in line.

hate

wait

hate waiting

hate to wait

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13-4 LET’S PRACTICE

I _____ _____ _____ yesterday, but I quit.

I ______ __________ yesterday, but I quit.

begin

study

began to study

began studying

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13-5 PREPOSITION + GERUND

She is nervous about testifying at the trial.

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13-5 PREPOSITION + GERUND

(a) Some people are afraid of driving.

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13-5 PREPOSITION + GERUND

(a) Some people are afraid of driving.

(b) Alex is responsible for leading our team

project.

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13-5 PREPOSITION + GERUND

(a) Some people are afraid of driving.

(b) Alex is responsible for leading our team

project.

(c) She apologized for being

rude to her mom.

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13-5 LET’S PRACTICE

Angie is good ___ (teach) ________ math. at teaching

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13-5 LET’S PRACTICE

They are planning ____ (study) __________

all afternoon for the test.

on studying

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13-5 LET’S PRACTICE

They are excited ______ (start) _______

their new project.

about starting

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13-6 USING BY AND WITH TO EXPRESS HOW

SOMETHING IS DONE

It takes six hours to get from Baltimore to Seattle by air.

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13-6 USING BY AND WITH TO EXPRESS HOW

SOMETHING IS DONE

(a) You turn on the microwave by selecting the

number of minutes and pressing the ON button.

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13-6 USING BY AND WITH TO EXPRESS HOW

SOMETHING IS DONE

(a) You turn on the microwave by selecting the

number of minutes and pressing the ON button.

how something

is done By + a gerund

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13-6 USING BY AND WITH TO EXPRESS HOW

SOMETHING IS DONE

(b) I love travelling by train.

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13-6 USING BY AND WITH TO EXPRESS HOW

SOMETHING IS DONE

(b) I love travelling by train.

(c) Many people eat with chopsticks.

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13-6 USING BY AND WITH TO EXPRESS HOW

SOMETHING IS DONE

(b) I love travelling by train.

(c) Many people eat with chopsticks.

by OR

with

+ noun how something

is done

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13-6 LET’S PRACTICE

Some people in London get around

___ double-decker bus. by

by

with

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13-6 LET’S PRACTICE

Most students don’t write their

reports _____ hand anymore. by

with by

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13-6 LET’S PRACTICE

Floors can be cleaned _____ a mop. with

by

with

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13-7 USING GERUNDS AS SUBJECTS; USING IT +

INFINITIVE

Riding a motorcycle can be exciting.

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(a) Riding motorcycles is dangerous.

(b) It is dangerous to ride motorcycles.

13-7 USING GERUNDS AS SUBJECTS; USING IT +

INFINITIVE

same

meaning

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(c) Visiting other countries is fun.

13-7 USING GERUNDS AS SUBJECTS; USING IT +

INFINITIVE

gerund subject a gerund is singular verb is singular

it subject

it to visit other countries

(d) It is fun to visit other countries.

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13-7 LET’S PRACTICE

Gerund as subject

It is important to do well in school.

________________ is important. Doing well in school

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13-7 LET’S PRACTICE

Gerund as subject

It can be helpful to study with a friend.

_____________________________. Studying with a friend can be helpful

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13-7 LET’S PRACTICE

Gerund as subject

Is it scary to climb mountains?

Yes, _______________________. climbing mountains is scary

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13-8 IT + INFINITIVE: USING FOR (SOMEONE)

It is a good idea for everyone to get a flu shot.

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13-8 IT + INFINITIVE: USING FOR (SOMEONE)

(a) You should get a flu shot.

(b) It is necessary for you to get a flu shot. similar

meaning

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13-8 IT + INFINITIVE: USING FOR (SOMEONE)

(a) You should get a flu shot.

(b) It is necessary for you to get a flu shot.

(c) He should be careful.

(d) It is important for him to be careful.

it is + adjective + for (someone) + infinitive phrase

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13-8 IT + INFINITIVE: USING FOR (SOMEONE)

(e) We don’t have to go to work today.

(f) It isn’t necessary for us to go to work today.

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13-8 IT + INFINITIVE: USING FOR (SOMEONE)

(e) We don’t have to go to work today.

(f) It isn’t necessary for us to go to work today.

(g) A dog can’t drive a car.

(h) It is impossible for a dog to drive a car.

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13-8 LET’S PRACTICE

World leaders should be honest.

It is important ________________________. for world leaders to be honest

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13-8 LET’S PRACTICE

In some cultures, brides wear red.

In some cultures, it is appropriate

___________________. for brides to wear red

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13-8 LET’S PRACTICE

Snakes can’t run.

It is impossible _______________. for snakes to run

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13-9 EXPRESSING PURPOSE WITH IN ORDER TO AND

FOR

I am going to college in order to get a good education.

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In order to purpose

13-9 EXPRESSING PURPOSE WITH IN ORDER TO AND

FOR

- Why are you going to college?

(a) I am going to college because I

want a good education.

(b) I am going to college in order to

get a good education.

(c) I am going to college to get a good education.

same

meaning

in order frequently omitted

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13-9 EXPRESSING PURPOSE WITH IN ORDER TO AND

FOR

(d) I am going to college for an education.

for purpose

preposition noun

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13-9 EXPRESSING PURPOSE WITH IN ORDER TO AND

FOR

(d) I am going to college for an education.

(e) I am going to college to get an education.

INCORRECT:

I am going to college for to get an education.

INCORRECT:

I am going to college for getting an education.

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13-9 LET’S PRACTICE

I went to the ATM in order to withdraw money.

CORRECT INCORRECT ? OR

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13-9 LET’S PRACTICE

I went to the ATM for to withdraw money.

CORRECT INCORRECT ? OR

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13-9 LET’S PRACTICE

I went to the ATM for withdrawing money.

CORRECT INCORRECT ? OR

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13-10 USING INFINITIVES WITH TOO AND ENOUGH

This dessert is too delicious to resist.

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13-10 USING INFINITIVES WITH TOO AND ENOUGH

(a) Hang gliding is too scary to try.

(b) Hang gliding is too scary for me to try.

(c) Hang gliding is too scary for Sue to try.

TOO + ADJECTIVE + (FOR SOMEONE) + INFINITIVE

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13-10 USING INFINITIVES WITH TOO AND ENOUGH

Hang gliding is

too scary to try. Don’t even

think of

trying it.

too + adjective negative result

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13-10 USING INFINITIVES WITH TOO AND ENOUGH

Hang gliding is too scary. I can’t do it.

Flying is very scary, but I can do it.

COMPARE

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13-10 USING INFINITIVES WITH TOO AND ENOUGH

(d) I don’t have enough time to mop the floor.

ENOUGH + NOUN + INFINITIVE

(e) Do you have enough time to do it?

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13-10 USING INFINITIVES WITH TOO AND ENOUGH

I’m not strong enough to mop the floor.

ADJECTIVE + ENOUGH + INFINITIVE

(g) Are you strong enough to do it?

(f)

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13-10 LET’S PRACTICE

I am too clumsy. I can’t be a waitress.

I am ______________________. too clumsy to be a waitress

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13-10 LET’S PRACTICE

These shoes are too small for me.

These shoes aren’t ________________. big enough for me

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13-10 LET’S PRACTICE

Hang gliding takes a lot of courage.

I don’t have ______________ to try it. enough courage

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its licensors. All rights reserved.