Chapter 13

SOLUTIONS

1. Define solutions.2. Classify solutions according to: a) use b) composition 3. Give the significance of solubility in this dosage forms4. State at least 5 principles of solubility.5. Explain the three factors affecting solubility.6. What are the different solvents for solutions?7. What are denaturants? Give its use.8. Give the alcohol limits for OTC Oral products.9. Give ways of expressing concentrations of solutions and how are doses measured?10. Give ways by which dissolution process may be hastened.11. Other than the active ingredient/s, what other additives maybe included in the

formulation of solutions and state their purpose/use.12. What are the advantage and disadvantage of dry mixture for reconstitution. Give its

expiration date when prepared.13. What is the role of pharmacist other than preparing the prescription in the community

drugstore?14. Give the composition and uses of the following:

a) an oral rehydration solution b) colonic lavage solution c) evacuation enemas d) retention enemas e) syrup f) elixir g) tincture h) aromatic waters i) spirits j) liniment k) collodion l) sprays m) douche

15. Give ways syrups are prepared. Give sugar and non-sugar substitutes.16. Give the advantage/s of elixir over syrup.17. What are the devices used in sprays?18. In the form of table give the generic names, trade name/proprietary names (if applicable)

and the uses of preparations under the following categories:a) oral and topical solutionsb) syrup

c) tincutres d) elixirs

19. What are the different ways of proper administration and use of liquid peroral dosage forms.

20. Explain the different methods of extractions.21. Give the characteristics of products prepared using these methods.