Chapter 13: Managing Change and Innovation
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Transcript of Chapter 13: Managing Change and Innovation
Chapter 13:Managing Change
and Innovation
Learning Objectives
• Forces for change• “Calm waters” versus “white-water rapids” metaphors• Change agents• Types of change• Why people resist change• Techniques for reducing resistance to change• Innovation versus creativity• Stimulating and nurturing innovation
External Forces for Change
• Marketplace• Governmental laws and
regulations• Technology• Labor markets• Economy
What Can Change?
People Structure
Technology
Internal Forces for Change
• Business strategy
• Workforce
• Technology and Equipment
• Employee attitudes
Change Agents
• What are “change agents”?
• Who can be a change agent?
• External vs. internal change agents
• Evolution of change agents
Calm Waters vs. White Water Rapids Metaphors
The Change Process• The Calm Waters Metaphor– Change viewed as a break in the
organization’s equilibrium state• Unfreezing the status quo• Changing to a new state• Refreezing to make the change permanent
• White-Water Rapids Metaphor– No stability and predictability– Organizations must constantly change to
survive
The Change ProcessThe Change ProcessUnfreezing Changing Refreezing
What Can a Manager What Can a Manager Change?Change?
Structure
•Specialization•Span of control•Formalization•Centralization•Departmentalization
Technology
•Work processes•Methods•Equipment
People
•Attitudes•Expectations•Perceptions•Behavior
Resistance to Change
Uncertainty and Ambiguity
Concern Over Personal Loss
Belief That Change Is Not Beneficial
Fear of Change
Techniques for Reducing Resistance to Change
1. Education and Communication2. Facilitation and support3. Participation4. Negotiation5. Manipulation and Co-optation6. Coercion
Case Study: Ann Lyman’s Proposal
1. Why do Ann’s colleagues resist change at CPC? At root, what are the sources of resistance?
2. Design a proposal for influencing Ann’s colleagues and superiors, drawing on one or more of the techniques for reducing resistance to change:
- education/communication - facilitation/support
3. - participation- negotiation- manipulation/co-optation- coercion
Which would you draw on, and why? Give specific examples of how the techniques you chose would “look like” in practice.
What IsCreativity?
• Combining new ideas in unique ways or associating ideas in unusual ways
What IsInnovation?
• Turning creative ideas into useful products, services, or methods of operation
HumanResources
Cultural
Three Sets of VariablesThat Stimulate Innovation
Structural
Innovation VariablesInnovation Variables•Organic structures•Abundant resources•High interunit communication
•Acceptance of ambiguity•Tolerance of the impractical•Low external controls•Tolerance of risks•Tolerance of conflicts•Focus on ends•Open-system focus
•High commitment totraining and development•High job security•Creative people
Structural Variables
Cultural Variables
Human Resource Variables
StimulatesInnovation
IDEO Video
• How does IDEO stimulate creativity and innovation? Look for aspects of:– Culture– Structure– Human resources– ANYTHING ELSE!!