Chapter 13. Chapter 13 Section 1 The Rise of Nationalism A sense of nationalism (and rivalry) among...
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Transcript of Chapter 13. Chapter 13 Section 1 The Rise of Nationalism A sense of nationalism (and rivalry) among...
Chapter 13
The Great War 1914-1918
Marching Toward War
Chapter 13 Section 1
Rising Tensions in EuropeThe Rise of Nationalism
A sense of nationalism (and rivalry) among Europe’s greatest powers: Germany, A-H, GB, Russia, Italy, and France
Causes?Competition for _______ and
________Territorial disputes
Imperialism and MilitarismRivalry and mistrust over
coloniesThe race for military greatness…
militarism’s effects?
The alliance system was originally designed to do what?
Bismarck Forges Early PactsBismarck declares Germany satisfied, but what is he
worried about?Formation of the Triple Alliance: Germany, A-H,
Italy, and RussiaShifting Alliances Threaten Peace
Kaiser Wilhelm II takes control of Germany, result?What’s wrong with a two front war?The Triple Entente is formed as a reaction to
increased shipbuilding in Germany…GB+FR+Russia. kind of
Tangled Alliances
Crisis in the BalkansA Restless Region
Many nations had formed in the Balkans after freeing themselves from who?
Russia supports Serbia’s independence, Austria does not
Austria then annexes B+H…Serbians vow to take away Bosnia while Austria was prepared to defend it and its authority in the Balkans
Crisis in the BalkansA Shot Rings Throughout
EuropeThe ___________Archduke
Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie are shot in Sarajevo, Bosnia by Gavrilo Princip a Serbian nationalist and member of the Black Hand
Austria attempts to punish Serbia, result?
Austria does not wish to negotiate and declares war on Serbia…Russia mobilizes
Europe encourages negotiations but it was too late
1. How do imperialism and militarism work together to promote war?
2. How could a dispute between the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente draw all of Europe into the conflict?
Honors Only3. What act by Austria-Hungary set the world on the path to war? Why?
13.1 Daily Questions
Europe Plunges Into WarChapter 13 Section 2
The Great War BeginsAs an ally of Serbia,
Russia mobilizes for war. Germany’s reaction?
Nations Take SidesCentral Powers-
Germany and A-HAllied Powers-GB,
France, and Russia (Japan and Italy later)
General feelings at the beginning of the war?
A Bloody StalemateThe Conflict Grinds Along
Germany faces a war on two fronts and develops the _________ Plan which called for a quick victory in France and then movement to Russia
First Battle of the Marne? Significance?
More troops in France, stalemate in Russia
A BLOODY STALEMATEWar in the Trenches
Trench warfare, digging elongated holes in the ground to fight enemy forces
“No man’s land” was where the actual fighting took place
North Sea to the Swiss borderWhat was wrong with the new
technology?At Verdun the Germans gained
about ____ miles and in the Somme Valley the British gained about ____ miles
http://www.history.com/photos/world-war-i-trench-warfare/photo11#
American soldiers engaged in trench warfare.
The Battle on the Eastern Front
Early FightingRussia attacks both Austria
and Germany…crushed by Germany in Tannenberg and eventually pushed out of Austria-Hungary
Russia StrugglesWhat supplies was Russia
continually short on? Why?Germany limits supply
shipmentsRussia’s size proved to be
a pain for the Germans, why?
1. Why was the Schlieffen Plan ultimately a failure for the Germans?
2. How did Russia’s industrialization affect its war efforts?
Honors Only3. Why was the Battle of the Marne such a significant event in WWI history? What may have happened if the Germans had won?
13.2 Daily Questions
A Global ConflictChapter 13 Section 3
War Affects the WorldHow would both powers
try and end the stalemate?The Gallipoli Campaign
The _______ decide to take the region known as the Dardanelles for strategic reasons
Allied troops attack the Gallipoli Peninsula, Turks defend the land lead by ________ officers
How does the campaign in Gallipoli in the end?
War Affects the WorldBattles in Africa and Asia
The Allies not only capture German colonies but also recruited who to fight against the Central Powers?
Natives reacted in one of 2 ways:Wanted nothing to do with the warHelped in the war effort in hopes of
someday achieving ___________. America Joins the Fight
German unrestricted submarine warfare calls for any ship in the waters around __________ to be sunk without ___________.
Germany sinks the Lusitania, taking American lives…Germany’s response?
War Affects the WorldAmerica Joins the Fight
Germany takes back their promise and once again begins attacking ships
Zimmerman note pushes America into the war on the side of the _________, why?
War Affects the Home FrontAmericans join the war after
Europeans had already been fighting for ____ years.
Government Wages Total War The gov’t in European countries
takes control of the economy, what does this mean for business owners? Unemployment?
Rationing results in only a small amount of goods being available for citizens
Women and the War Women replaced men in ______,
shops, offices, and there were even nurses on the front lines
How were views of women changed?
The Allies Win the WarRussia Withdraws
Russia refuses to fight by 1917 due to shortages in ______ and ______.
Political unrest leads to revolution in Russia, putting Vladimir Lenin in power and the signing of a truce with Germany (Treaty of Brest-Litovsk)
The Central Powers Collapse Why did Russian withdrawal seem
like a sure German victory? The arrival of U.S. troops lead to the
defeat of the Germans at the Second Battle of the ________.
After Kaiser Wilhelm I steps down, Germany becomes a __________ and an armistice is signed to end the fighting
The Legacy of the WarHow was the Great War
different than wars in the past?
8.5 million killed, 21 million wounded
War destroys families, economies, villages, and farmland
How did the post-war settlement effect Europe in the future?
1. Why did wartime governments in Europe take control of their countries’ economies?
2. How did total war lead to the idea of rationing?
Honors Only3. What effect did the Russian Revolution have on Russia’s role in WWI? What may have happened if the revolution never occurred?
13.3 Daily Questions
A Flawed PeaceChapter 13 Section 4
The Big Four at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919.
The Allies Meet and DebateThe Big Four:
Woodrow Wilson (U.S.)Georges Clemenceau
(France)David Lloyd George (GB)Vittorio Orlando (Italy)Who was not represented at
the meeting in Versailles?Wilson’s Plan for Peace
The Fourteen Points outline a plan for achieving _______
Self-determination was the guiding principle behind the meeting
“In the speech, Wilson directly addressed what he perceived as the causes for the world war by calling
for the abolition of secret treaties, a reduction in armaments, an adjustment in colonial claims in the interests of both native peoples and colonists, and freedom of the seas. Wilson also made proposals that would ensure world peace in the future. For example, he proposed the removal of economic barriers between nations, the promise of “self-
determination” for those oppressed minorities, and a world organization that would provide a system of
collective security for all nations. Wilson’s 14 Points were designed to undermine the Central Powers’
will to continue and to inspire the Allies to victory. The 14 Points were broadcast throughout the world and were showered from rockets and shells behind
the enemy’s lines.”www.ourdocuments.org
The Allies Meet and DebateThe Versailles Treaty
Signed June 28th 1919 and created the _________ of __________, an international association aimed at keeping peace among nations
What did the treaty mean for Germany?Territories in Africa and
the Pacific turn into mandates
Restrictions placed on military operations
war guilt clause
The Hall of Mirrors at Versailles
A Troubled TreatyThe Creation of New
NationsThe Allies sign treaties with
the other Central Powers, resulting in the creation of which European countries?
The Ottoman Turks lost almost all of their land except?
Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania all become independent nations
What feelings did the treaties evoke?
A Troubled Treaty“A Peace Built on
Quicksand”U.S. rejects the Treaty of
Versailles, believing that staying out of European affairs was the best hope for peace
Was the concept of self-determination really used by the winners of the Great War?
The Treaty of Versailles failed in so many ways, ultimately leading to what?
13.4 Daily Questions1. Why didn’t Russia take
part in the peace negotiations following the war?
2. How did the situation in African and Asian colonies compare before and after the war?
Honors Only3. How might self- determination in the Balkans have prevented the outbreak of WWI?