ERA OF SOCIAL CHANGE LATINOS & NATIVE AMERICANS CHAPTER 31, SECTION 1.
Chapter 12: The World War I Era III. Americans on the European Front.
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Transcript of Chapter 12: The World War I Era III. Americans on the European Front.
Chapter 12: The World War I Era
III. Americans on the European Front
Objectives
• Analyze the preparations of the United States for World War I
• Study the ways in which the American troops helped turn the tide of the war.
• Learn about conditions in Europe and the US at the end of the war
Bell Ringer
• Are allies automatically equals?• Can allies exist without a common
enemy?• Ask students what kind of relationships
allies share• List 5 ways US entry in the war would
change the Allies situation• Change Central Powers situation.
Setting the Scene
• US 16th largest army in world• 15,000 marines scattered• 100,000 men in uniform• Sent small group (14,500) under the
command of General John “Black Jack” Pershing
• movie
A) Preparing for War• Pershing told US to have 1 million by 1918 and 3 million
by 191912)Select Service Act: draft of young men for
military service13)American Expeditionary Force: Force US sent to
Europe (doughboys)• No riots for draft• Limited training – bayonet, gas mask, rifle14)convoy: group of unarmed ships surrounded by a
ring of military ships• Not one transport ships sunk• US kept independent of Allied forces – Pershing did not
want to be defensive – offensive• African Americans (300,000) did menial tasks – US
loaned the French the 369th regiment – won the Croix de Guerre – Frances highest combat medal
B) Turning the Tide of War
• November 1917 (Red October) – Bolsheviks – Vladimir Lenin’s communists – overthrew the Russian Republic
• Germany’s 2 front war over - Race to beat the Americans
• Broke the stalemate on March 21st – 1918; by May 50 miles from Paris
• US Marines rushed to stop the advance, “We dig no trenches to fall back on. The Marines will hold were they stand”
• Allies counter attack wins Battle of Amiens (August)– General Ludendorff tells Kaiser Wilhelm to seek peace
• September – 500,000 US soldiers on last push – break all German lines – Germans in full retreat
C) War in the Air
• US used biplanes• First used to scout• Dogfights with pistols and later
machine guns• Eddie Rickenbacker – 26 kills15)zeppelins: floating airships
(Germany)• 1918 – fleet of 1,400 planes bombed
enemy positions
D) Ending the War
• Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire made separate peace
• Austria – Hungary splintered – Poles, Hungarians, Czechs, and Slovaks declared independence
• Germany asked for peace – allies refused• German navy told to engage British – mutinied at
Kiel – spread• Kaiser fled to Holland16)armistice: cease-fire November 11, 1918 at
11 am• Influenza epidemic – US brought it to Europe –
ravaged Allied and German armies and continental US - 30 million worldwide - .5 million US
E) Results of the War
• 50,000 US died in battle• 8 million total – estimate• 5,000 killed on each day• Germany, Austria – Hungary, Russia, and
France each lost 1 million• 900,000 troops from Britain• Millions of civilians17)genocide: organized killing of an
entire people• Ottoman forces committed Genocide on
Armenians – disloyal – hundreds of thousands
Review
• How did the US prepare to fight in World War I?
• In What ways did American troops help turn the tide of war?
• What were conditions like in Europe and in the US at the end of the war?