Chapter 12, Section 3 War with Mexico. The New Mexico Territory Included all of present-day New...
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Transcript of Chapter 12, Section 3 War with Mexico. The New Mexico Territory Included all of present-day New...
![Page 1: Chapter 12, Section 3 War with Mexico. The New Mexico Territory Included all of present-day New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, and Utah and parts of Colorado.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081816/56649ebe5503460f94bc77b7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 12, Section 3Chapter 12, Section 3
War with MexicoWar with Mexico
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The New Mexico TerritoryThe New Mexico Territory
• Included all of present-day New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, and Utah and parts of Colorado and Wyoming
• When Mexico gained its independence in 1821, it inherited New Mexico from Spain
• The Spanish were afraid Americans might try to take the Spanish settlement of Santa Fe
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The Santa Fe TrailThe Santa Fe Trail
• The trail left the Missouri River near Independence, Missouri
• William Becknell was the first American settler to reach Santa Fe
• People began heavily using the trail to get to the new land
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The Santa Fe TrailThe Santa Fe Trail
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California’s Spanish CultureCalifornia’s Spanish Culture
• The Spanish set up missions in California to colonize it and to convert Native Americans to Christianity
• Many people viewed these missions as large farming communities where the Native Americans acted as slaves
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California After 1821California After 1821
• After Mexico gained its independence, California became a state in Mexico
• The missions were soon abolished and replaced with ranchos
• The rancheros treated their Native American workers like slaves
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Manifest Destiny and CaliforniaManifest Destiny and California
• People had visited California many times, but now they were considering adding it to the United States
• John C. Fremont, an army officer who had made several trips to California, wrote of the region’s mild climate, scenic beauty, and abundance of natural resources
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War with MexicoWar with Mexico
• President Polk was determined to acquire New Mexico and California
• The United States insisted the Rio Grande was the border between the U.S. and Mexico, while Mexico considered the Nueces River to be the border
• Polk sent John Slidell to offer $30 million for California and New Mexico in return for Mexico accepting the Rio Grande as the border
• In addition, the Americans would take over payments of Mexico’s debts
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Border DisputeBorder Dispute
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Conflict BeginsConflict Begins
• Mexico refused the offer• General Zachary Taylor (U.S.) was ordered to
march his soldier into the disputed territory (between Rio Grande and Nueces)
• Mexican soldiers attacked a small force of Taylor’s soldiers
• Polk told Congress that Mexico had “invaded our territory and shed American blood upon the American soil.”
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American Attitudes Toward the WarAmerican Attitudes Toward the War
• Many northerners believed expansion was just a way to expand slavery, so they opposed the war
• Abraham Lincoln said that the attack had clearly taken place in Mexico and Polk had no grounds for declaring war
• Frederick Douglass, an African American leader in the antislavery movement, called the war “disgraceful” and “cruel”
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Polk’s War PlanPolk’s War Plan
• 1. American troops would drive Mexican forces out of the disputed border region
• 2. The U.S. would seize New Mexico and California.
• 3. American forces would capture Mexico City, the capital of Mexico
• Taylor easily accomplished the first goal
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California and the Bear Flag California and the Bear Flag RepublicRepublic
• In 1846, a group of Americans had seized the town of Sonoma, north of San Francisco, and proclaimed it the Independent Republic of California
• They called it the Bear Flag Republic because its flag had a bear and a star on a white background
• The Californios wanted to revolt
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Bear Flag RepublicBear Flag Republic
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Naval InterventionNaval Intervention
• After capturing San Diego, the United States had full control of California in 1847.
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The Capture of Mexico CityThe Capture of Mexico City
• General Winfield Scott led the task of capturing Mexico City
• Scott captured Veracruz after a 3 week siege, then set out to march 300 miles to the capital
• The U.S. won, though the war cost them $100 million
• The war cost Mexico half of its territory
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The Peace TreatyThe Peace Treaty
• The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Mexico gave up all claims to Texas and agreed to the Rio Grande as the border between Texas and Mexico
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The Peace Treaty The Peace Treaty
• The Mexican Cession Mexico ceded its provinces of California
and New Mexico to the U.S. for $15 million
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The Peace TreatyThe Peace Treaty
• The Gadsden Purchase
U.S. paid Mexico $10 million for a strip of land along the southern edge of the present day states of Arizona and New Mexico. With this purchase, the U.S. mainland reached its present size.