Chapter 16, section 2

Early Stages of the War

#1 – Define:

Tributary:

Smaller river that flow into a larger river

Ironclad:

Iron sided warship

Casualty:

People killed or wounded

# 1.

What was the South’s secret weapon?

Describe. The Merrimack – an abandoned Union warship

Confederates rebuilt it with iron sides and renamed it the Virginia.

#2 First Battle of Bull Run:

Date: July 21, 1861

Location: Manassas Junction – Bull Run River, Virginia

North: How many soldiers? Commander? 30,000 Union soldiers, General Irvin McDowell

South: How many soldiers? Commander? Smaller #, General P.G.T. Beauregard / “Stonewall” Jackson

Describe the battle: Major points of battle, leaders, outcome.

First Major Battle – both sides very inexperienced

Hundreds of Washington D.C. residents came to “picnic” and watch the events.

At first, Yankees (North) seemed to be winning – but General Jackson stood like a stone wall and counter attacked.

The “Rebel Yell” was called out!

North loses battle – ends up retreating to D.C.

Both Sides realize it will not be a short war!

Lincoln appoints a new general: George McClellan

# 3. Why was it important for the Union to control the

Mississippi River & its tributaries?

To prevent the South from getting supplies from Texas, Lousiana, and Arkansas

How did General Grant get the nickname “Unconditional Surrender Grant”?

At Fort Donelson, Confederates realized the battle was lost and asked for terms – Gen. Grant replied: “ No terms except an unconditional and immediate surrender can be accepted.”

# 4.

# 5

What was an Ironclad? What was the South’s famous Ironclad named? The North’s? An iron sided warship

South: Virginia

North: Monitor

What was historic about the naval battles between these 2 ships? First battle ever between two iron ships!

# 6. The Battle of Shiloh:

Date: April 7, 1862

Location: Pittsburg, TN (church called Shiloh)

North: How many soldiers? Commander? 40,000 Troops, General Grant

South: How many soldiers? Commanders? 45,000 Troops, Albert Johnston, P.G.T. Beauregard

Describe the battle: Major points of battle, leaders, outcome. Battle near a church called Shiloh

Confederate surprise attack at early morning of April 6

2 day battle

Some of the most bitter and bloody of the war.

Narrow victory for the North

23,000 causalities (both armies)

Union went on to victories at Corinth and Memphis – help to control Mississippi

The nation now begins to understand that the war will not be short and will be very deadly.

# 7. Why was it significant that the North won the battle at

New Orleans?

The Confederacy could no longer use the

Mississippi to carry its goods to sea.

David Farragut

# 8.Whose leadership helped the Confederacy win victories in the East (2 generals)?

General Robert E. Lee General Thomas (Stonewall) Jackson

# 9. In 1862, Confederate forces turned back

(defeated) the following –

George McClellan at Seven Days’ Battle

General John Pope at Second Battle of Bull Run

General Ambrose Burnside at Fredericksburg

General McClellan General John Pope General Burnside

# 10. Why did General Lee

not attempt a direct

attack on Washington

D.C.?

The city was too well

guarded. Lee moved

his army into Maryland

(to the west) instead.

# 11. The Battle of Antietam:

Date: September 17, 1862

Location: near Sharpsburg, Maryland

North: How many soldiers? Commander? 75,000 Troops, General McClellan

South: How many soldiers? Commanders? 38,000 Troops, General Robert E. Lee

Describe the battle: Major points of battle, leaders, outcome. Lee had split his army to confuse McClellan

A union soldier found a copy of Lee’s plans – gave it to McClellan

6,000 Killed / 17,000 wounded – single bloodiest day of the war (history of U.S).

Victory for the Union – However, McClellan refused to pursue Lee

Lee retreats to Virginia – lives to fight another day. . .

Forced the Confederates out of the North.

Battle of Antietam:

Lincoln visits McClellan after the battle –

demands that he take action and pursue

Lee. McClellan drags his heels and is

eventually FIRED by Lincoln.

# 12. Why did President Lincoln at first hesitate to make the war about slavery? (2 reasons) He feared that many Union supporters would

strongly oppose it.

Because of the border states – would they leave the union?

# 13. What were 3 reasons the Abolitionist’s (including F. Douglas) argue to support making the war a fight to end slavery? 1. Slavery was morally wrong- needed to be abolished

2. Slavery was the root of the division between the North and South

3. Foreign Policy – France and England sympathized with the South economically . . . However, public opinion in F & E were very anti-slavery. If war was about slavery, France and England would be less willing to support the South

# 14. What was the public opinion in England and France concerning slavery? Anti-Slavery

# 15. Lincoln knew the Constitution did not give him the power to end slavery, but what powers DID the Constitution allow him to do? It gave him the power to take property from an enemy

in wartime

# 16. What is the Emancipation Proclamation? When was it

signed? Decree freeing all enslaved people in REBEL

TERRITORY on January 1, 1863

# 17. Did the Emancipation

Proclamation actually free any

slaves? NO

What did it apply to?

Only to enslaved people in

areas held by Confederacy

– Lincoln had no power to

enforce it there.

What was the impact in

America?

The govt. had declared

slavery to be wrong. If the

Union won the war, slavery

would be banned forever!

Emancipation Proclamation