Chapter 12 Preserving Aquatic Biodiversity -------
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Transcript of Chapter 12 Preserving Aquatic Biodiversity -------
Chapter 12 Preserving Aquatic Biodiversity
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Marine biodiversity
• Marine biodiversity is higher in coral reefs and estuaries because of more habitats and nutrients.
• 3.5 billion people depend on the sea for their primary source of food.
• food antibiotics coral is used to reconstruct bones
• Anticancer drugs
Invasive Water Hyacinths
Great Pacific Trash Vortex
In Wisconsin an invasive is a common carp
Case Study: Industrial Fish Harvesting Methods
• Trawler fishing-catch fish that live near the ocean floor such as shrimp, cod and flounder
• disturbs the ocean floor• Purse-seine fishing - huge net to catch tuna may also snare
dolphins
• Longlining- some of these lines may be as long as 80 miles--- ----may catch unwanted (BY CATCH) fish and endangered species
• Drift-net fishing_(gill net)--- catches the fish by the gills may catch unwanted fish and also result in overfishing of an area
Marine life zones
• Open ocean (pelagic zone) • estuary abyssal
zone
• Coral reefs bathyal zone
Fig. 11-7, p. 256
Fish farming in cage Spotter airplane
Trawler fishing
Sonar Purse-seine fishing
Long line fishing
lines with hooks
Deep sea aquaculture cage
Drift-net fishing
Float Buoy
Fish caught by gills Stepped Art
Natural Capital Degradation: Area of Ocean Bottom Before and After a Trawler
Hawaiian Monk Seal Plastics tend to tangle and snarl wildlife
An Endangered Leatherback Turtle is Entangled in a Fishing Net
Bycatch- usually smaller fish that are caught as a consequence of catching larger fish
Legal Protection of Some Endangered and Threatened Marine Species
• Why is it hard to protect marine biodiversity? – Human ecological footprint and fishprint are
expanding– Much of the damage in the ocean is not visible– The oceans are incorrectly viewed as an
inexhaustible resource– Most of the ocean lies outside the legal
jurisdiction of any country
EVERGLADES
• River of Grass”: south Florida, U.S.
• Since 1948: damaged– Drained – Diverted– Paved over– Nutrient pollution from agriculture– Invasive plant species
• 1947: Everglades National Park unsuccessful protection project
Natural Capital Restoration: Wetland Restoration in Canada
Fig. 8-10, p. 170
Ocean Beach Primary Dune
Trough Secondary Dune
Back Dune Bay or Lagoon
Recreation, no building
Walkways, no building
Limited recreation and
walkways
Walkways, no building
Most suitable for development
Recreation
Grasses or shrubsBay shore
Taller shrubsTaller shrubs and trees
Chapter 12 Readings (case studies) p.250 on High Tech Ocean Exploration Page 254 on Industrial Harvesting Methods p.256 on the Florida Manatee p. 259 on the Blue whale p. 263 on restoring a wetland
FUN REVIEW
• People• 1. John ____________Society?• 2. __________ Carson • 3. Wrote the “Jungle” which exposed
conditions in the US meat packing industry.• 4. First “big” environmental president.
PLACES
• 5. 1986 Nuclear accident city• 6. _____________ aquifer in the United States mid
west.• 7. Volcanic eruption in the state of Washington in
1980.• 8. _______ mile island• 9. A river in the western United States that is having
very reduced flow. Hint: it bears a states name.10. City in the country of India of 1984 methyl isocyanate release___________
LegalWrite out the FULL name of these legal
abbreviations
• 11. CITES• 12. MMPA of 1972• 13. U.S. ESA of 1973• 14. SMCRA
Names for groups of mammalsThese are not in the book.
• 15. baboons• 16. oxen• 17. rhinoceri• 18. moose• 19. elks• 20. lions• 21. camels
Speeding up recovery of damaged ecosystems
• 14__________________ ecosystems may include sinking old tires or creating a wetland to reduce flooding.
• 15. ____________trying to return a particular degraded habitat to a condition close to its natural state.