CHAPTER 12INTERNATIONALISM AND NATIONALISM

Social Studies 20-2

Key Terms:

Absolute povertyOdious debtCivil society

Chapter 12 Issue

Reminder of the Related Issue Question: “Should Internationalism be pursued?”

Chapter 12 issue: Internationalism- How effectively does it address contemporary global issues?

Volunteer to read page 265?Respond to the bulleted questionsDo the Cartoon Analysis

What are contemporary global issues?

Read opening paragraph page 266Climate ChangeSpread of DiseaseAccess to Water

Climate Change

Read “Climate change” page 266Ocean currents and prevailing winds carry

pollution from one country into the air and water of other countries

Kyoto Protocol – was proposed in 1997 International attempt to reduce greenhouse gas

emissions Canada and other developed countries signed the

protocol to reduce emissions by 20% by 2020 Since then Canada still has not met its Kyoto targets Canada stated the Kyoto protocol would cost the

Canadian economy $51 billion in revenues

Spread of Disease

Read pages 267-268Has been a global issue for a long timeWorld Health Organization is the United Nations

agency that tries to stop the spread of deadly diseases

WHO focuses on global health issues: identifying, monitoring, and controlling international health threats

2002-2003 SARS epidemic was a test for the WHO

WHO constantly prepares for the next health threat that might become an epidemic – or even a pandemic

Bird Flu

Also known as Avian Influenza – is common among many species of birds

Most strains do not infect humansIn 1997 one strain caused the death of 6

people in Hong KongTo stop the spread of the disease, Chinese

officials ordered the slaughter 1.4 million chickens

By the end of 2006 – 75 people had died from the Bird Flu – mainly because governments worked quickly to develop Bird Flu Plans

Not to scare you....

According to the Calgary Herald, November 25th/2009:

51 total h1 n1 deaths in Alberta this yearAlberta’s death rate from the h1 n1 flu: 11.39

per million people-nearly X2 the national average

Access to Water

Read pages 268-269Canada has up to 20% of the worlds fresh

water but just 0.5% of the world’s populationIn many countries do not have access to

clean water – about 17% ( 1.1 Billion People ) do not access to clean drinking water

Every year 1.8 million children die because of diseases spread in water

Every 8 seconds a child dies after drinking dirty water

Water as a Human Right

UN – this right to water is just as important as the ‘right to life, liberty and security of person’, which is set out in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Control over Water Canada controls the water within its borders Decide how to use the water Make rules about dumping sewage into water, can

sell the water, or create power with it

Oldman River Dam, Alberta

World Wide Water Crisis

Countries which have a lot of fresh water are likely to face increased international pressure to share their water with countries that do not have enough

Barlow believes: World is running out of water Every day more people are living without access to

clean water Powerful international corporations are taking control

of Earth’s fresh water and selling it to make a profit

Internationalism to address contemporary Global Issues

Read opening paragraph page 270Grab a copy of “Internationalism and

contemporary Global Issues”PovertyHungerHuman RightsConflictDiseaseDebtClimate Change

Internationalism and Poverty

In 2006 – World Bank estimated that more than a billion people live in absolute poverty – severe lack of human needs, lack of education, shelter, or information

In 2007, Oxfam, an international non-governmental organization, and a network of about 80 aid agencies reported that 43% of Iraqis were living in absolute poverty

Cause and Effect of Poverty

Read the causes and effects of poverty on page 272

Poverty often causes other serious problemsWhen people do not have enough money to

buy food they go hungry. When they do not have enough money to buy clean drinking water, they may contract diseases from dirty water. If they lack food and water and their lives and their families lives are at risk they may even go to war to get what they need to survive

Cause and Effect of Poverty

Lack of Education People who do not receive a basic education have trouble

finding jobs and may become locked into a cycle of povertyConflict and War

Causes millions of people to flee and often they can not earn money to survive

Trade Rules International trade rules restrict some people from selling

their goods and services. Mostly favours developed countriesDiscrimination

Members of minority groups often have limited access to jobs

• Lack Of Resources – can’t grow crops to make money or food

Internationalism and Hunger

Read page 273Most of the time 850 million people in the

world are hungry-18 000 children die a dayFood shortages have led to the United

Nations to hold a World Food Summit, of which 185 countries attend

Trying to reduce the number of hungry by half by 2015

Internationalism and Disease

Read page 274People who do not have healthy food cannot

fight disease effectivelyPeople can not afford medication or have

access to medication in some areas

HIV and AIDS in Africa

AIDS diagnosis use to be a death sentence – no longer – new drugs now help people survive longer

Spread of AIDS has slowed drasticallyOnly about 0.3% of Canadians have AIDSIn Africa

In 2007 – 1.1 million people died from AIDS and 22.5 million people were living with the disease

Common practice is education and awareness campaigns combined with treatment programs

Internationalism and Debt

Read page 275Many of the poorest countries in the world

must spend so much money to pay off their debts to the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank than they do not have enough left over to provide health, education, and social services for their own citizens

Odious Debt

Is debt that results from a loan to a government that uses the money to oppress people of its country or for its own personal use

Probe International, monitors Canada’s delivery of foreign aid, says that the debt is odious if: It was incurred without the consent of the country’s

people It did not benefit the country’s people The lender of the money was aware of these two

conditions

Internationalism and Climate Change

Read page 276May be the most pressing global issue of the

21st centuryHuman activity is causing Earth’s climate to

change more quickly in the pastBurning of fossil fuelsCutting down rain forestPolar Ice Cap meltingUnited Nations Environment Programme

provided global leadership in dealing with environmental issues

Making a Difference

Read page 277

Internationalism and Human Rights

Read page 278 World War II showed the international community that

countries must work together to protect human rights. Members of the United Nations adopted the Universal

Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, soon after the United Nations was founded.

Why would creating the Universal Declaration of Human Rights be an important step in fighting human rights abuses?

When a country violates the rights of its own citizens or the citizens of another country the UN can take action to stop the abuse.

Before the UN can act, all five permanent members of the UN security council must agree – China, France, Russia, Britain and the United States

If one of these permanent members rejects a proposal, the UN cannot act.

Internationalism and Conflict

Read page 279Conflicts are often complex and difficult to

solve – as a result, the world community often struggles to find solutions that work.

Internationalism in Addressing Contemporary Global Issues

In 2000, the UN established eight international targets – its millennium development goals: Cutting world poverty in half Providing all children with at least a primary school

education Fighting disease such as HIV/AIDS

( As of 2008 – it looks like none of these goals will be met by 2015 )

Does the fact that the world is not likely to achieve the millennium development goals by 2015 suggest that international efforts to solve the worlds problems have failed?

International Trade

Read page 280Some believe trade among countries will solve

many of the world problemsBelieve when countries are better off economically

they are less likely to go to warWTO regulates and monitors world trade with the

emphasis on peace by helping countries improveThere is much disagreement about the WTO as

well. Most of this centers around the criticism that the WTO favours developing countries

Farm subsidies are controversial

Internationalism and Nation-States

Page 281- People disagree over the effects of internationalism

Internationalism is improving people’s lives and is relieving suffering, protecting the innocent, and making people around the world more secure

World Bank or the IMF lends money to a government to change it policies and these changes often include cutting spending on social programs, such as education and health care.

In failed states, the rulers may care little about the welfare of the country’s citizens

How can international institutions or organizations help people in a nation-state where the rulers are corrupt?

Decline versus Change

Read page 282Some people believe that the development of

international organization such as the United Nations and the World Trade Organizations has reduced the power of individual nation-states

In a global economy governments of countries cannot make their own decisions without considering international trading rules, the wishes of multi-national corporations and the economies of other countries

Civil Society

Refers to a non-government and non-business organizations of various kinds.

These organizations may be large or small and involve community groups, faith-based groups, labour unions, and universities

Civil society helps connect citizens, nation-states, and international organizations.

These links give individuals the chance to influence policy and events at local, regional, national, and international levels

A view from here

Read page 283

Related Issue #3 Exam

Covers chapters 9-1225 Multiple choice questions

Question #1

Some options nations consider when shaping their responses to the rest of the world

Page 210-213

Which option(s) for responding to the rest of the world do you think best meet Canada’s needs? Write a response in paragraph form in which you must

identify the option(s) for response that you think best meet Canada’s needs

explain why the option(s) best meet Canada’s needs

c) support your response by referring to your understanding of social studies