Chapter 12Chapter 12

The Hellenistic Period335 B.C. – 145 B.C.

Terms to KnowTerms to Know

HostagePhalanxAlliances

Orator

Main IdeasMain Ideas

Greek city-states lost their independenceMany changes took placeNew rules of Greece built

empires/increased tradeSpread Greek culture and customsGreek language spoken widely; architecture

used everywhere; literature used in school

Philip II of MacedoniaPhilip II of MacedoniaNew ruler of Greece in ___________Macedonia – Most Macedonians were _______Fought in ________________Did not care for Greeks

– Macedonian royalty were of Greek descent and cared very much for Greek culture

Became ruler of Macedonia in ___________Held hostage as a child

– Hostage - person held by the enemy until certain promises are carried out

– –

Wanted __________________________________– Made Macedonian army

______________________________________________– Developed phalanx

Phalanx –

Gave soldiers 14 foot long spearsTrained soldiers with slingshots and bows and

arrows–

– – – Saw marriage as a way to form a political alliance

(partnerships) Married six or seven times for this reason

Demosthenes – – Tried to warn Greeks ______________________

They would not listen

Philip attacked central Greece in 338 B.C. – Athens and Thebes tried to stop him.– Greek army was defeated at the Battle of Chaeronea.

Section 2 – Alexander the Section 2 – Alexander the GreatGreat

Took over for _________________Commander in the army ____________Included __________ and __________ in the army

once he took over

Took over the ___________– Went as far as _____________ – his troops refused to go

any further–

Alexander’s EmpireAlexander’s Empire Wanted to bring _________________ to his empireThought that ____________________________

_______________________________________Took Persian soldiers into his armyMarried Persian women – had 80 of his army

officers marry Persian womenBegan to dress in Persian clothes – began to follow

some Persian customs

– Macedonians and Greeks refused to treat them

as gods– – Barbaroi –

AlexandriaAlexandriaAlexander the Great founded about 70 cities

– – Most famous was Alexandria ___________

Became a major center ___________________ Had 2 great harbors – protected by breakwaters – Lighthouse –

– Museum – Euclid –

End of the EmpireEnd of the Empire323 B.C. –

– Ruled the empire for 13 years–

3 of his generals divided the rest of the empire– Antigonus – – Ptolemy – – Seleucus –

Athens and Sparta ________________Greek city-states were never the same

– –

Factories - – Built in the new Hellenistic cities– Greek manufacturers couldn’t compete– Many Greek youth emigrated – – –

Their farms grew back into wilderness– By 146 B.C. most city-states were under

Roman control