Chapter 12 Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 This multimedia product and its contents are protected...

Chapter 12

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008

This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law:• Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network;• Preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images;• Any rental, lease, or lending of the program.

Designs combining quantitative and qualitative approaches to collecting, analyzing, interpreting, and reporting data

Advantages Incorporates the strengths of both qualitative and

quantitative approaches Provides a more comprehensive view of the phenomena

being studied Does not limit the data being collected


Disadvantages and limitations Requires expertise in both methods Requires extensive data collection and

resources It is popular to claim the use of mixed

method design even though one method is used superficially


Three types of designs Explanatory Exploratory Triangulation


Explanatory designs Quantitative data are collected first with qualitative data

collection following Use of a questionnaire to provide an overview of

students’ attitudes toward drug testing programs followed by several in-depth interviews of specific students with positive and negative attitudes (i.e., maximum variation sampling) to understand how those attitudes were shaped.


Exploratory designs Qualitative data are collected first with quantitative data

collection following A few interviews with students and a content analysis of

several surveys allowed a researcher to determine the important factors around which an attitudinal scale on drug testing programs was developed. Administration of this survey gave an overall view of students’ attitudes to a specific program being used at a local school.


Triangulation designs Quantitative and qualitative data are

collected at the same time to provide a more comprehensive and complete set of data

The use of a scale addressing attitudes toward drug testing programs could be administered to the students in a school. Information from focus groups and interviews could be used to confirm the conclusions drawn from the survey.


Seven steps to conduct mixed method research Determine the feasibility of a mixed method design Determine the rationale for a mixed method design Determine the data collection strategies and designs Determine the specific research questions Collect data Analyze data Write the report


Evaluating a mixed method design Each approach has been done well Examine the rationale and then apply

appropriate quantitative or qualitative criteria


A systematic investigation conducted by practitioners

Action research is done to provide information immediately to improve teaching and learning

Emphasis is on teachers, counselors and administrators, who carry out the research


Benefits of Action Research Creates mindset for school improvement Enhances decision-making Promotes reflection and self-assessment Instills a commitment to improvement Creates a more positive school climate Impacts practice directly Empowers those to participate


Conducting Action Research Select a focus or topic for study Determine your design and data

collection strategies Summarize and interpret the data


Consumer Tips for Evaluating Action Research Determine motivation and involvement

of the researcher Look for consistency between research

question and methodology Look for whether multiple methods of

data collection have been utilized


Consumer Tips for Evaluating Action Research Confirm that there has been an

emergent, cyclical process of research-action-reflection

Determine the presence of external monitoring or feedback


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