Chapter 12: The Presidency

A More Perfect Union 1/e

The Presidency

• Presidential Elections

• Presidential Roles: Domestic Sphere

– Chief Legislator

– Chief Economist

– Party Leader

• Presidential Roles: Foreign Policy Sphere

– Chief Diplomat

– Commander-in-Chief

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The Presidency

• Overlap in the Domestic and Foreign Policy Roles: Chief Executive and Chief of State

– Chief Executive

– Chief of State

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The Presidency

• The President and the Executive Branch

– The Vice President

• The Vice President’s Job

• Choosing a Vice President

– The Cabinet

– The Executive Office of the President

• White House Office (WHO)

• National Security Council (NSC)

• Office of Management and Budget (OMB)

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The Presidency

• Presidential Succession

– When the President Dies in Office

– When the President Cannot Serve: The Twenty-Fifth Amendment

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The Presidency

• Sources of Presidential Power

– The Constitution: Expressed Powers

– The Constitution: Inherent Powers

– Statutory Powers

– Special Presidential Powers

• Executive Orders

• Emergency Powers

• Executive Privilege

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The Presidency

• The People as a Source of Presidential Power

– The President and the Bully Pulpit

– The President and Public Approval

– The Media as a Tool of Presidential Influence

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The Presidency

• The Evolution of Presidential Power

– Early Presidents and the Scope of Presidential Power

– The Watershed 1970s: The Pentagon Papers, Watergate, and the “Imperial Presidency”

– The Post-Watergate Presidency

– Impeachment: A Check on Abuses of Presidential Power

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The Presidency

• Evaluating Presidential Leadership

– Popular Assessment

– Scholarly Assessment

• Women in the White House

– The First Lady

– When a Woman is Elected President

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Chapter FiveChapter Five

ItIt’’s Your Moneys Your Money

Exhibit 5Exhibit 5--11

The Flow The Flow

of Public of Public

MoneyMoney

The Public Finance EquationThe Public Finance Equation

Revenues Revenues −−−−−−−− Spending =Spending =

+ Surplus+ Surplus

oror

−−−−−−−− (Deficit)(Deficit)

Personal income taxPersonal income tax

Sales & use taxSales & use tax

Corporation taxCorporation tax

Other taxes & feesOther taxes & fees

Bond sales (borrowing)Bond sales (borrowing)

Federal fundsFederal funds

Health & human servicesHealth & human services

Education Education

TransportationTransportation

General governmentGeneral government

CorrectionsCorrections

Debt serviceDebt service

Exhibit 5Exhibit 5--22

California California

State State

Government Government

RevenuesRevenues

Exhibit 5Exhibit 5--33

California 2005 Tax Rate Schedule XCalifornia 2005 Tax Rate Schedule X

Use if your filing status is Single or Married filing Use if your filing status is Single or Married filing

separately.separately.

If Married filing jointly, double all the dollar figures.If Married filing jointly, double all the dollar figures.

Exhibit 5Exhibit 5--33

Federal Federal

2005 Tax 2005 Tax

Rate Rate

Schedule XSchedule X

Exhibit 5Exhibit 5--44California California

““ProgressiveProgressive””

Personal Income Personal Income

Tax: Tax:

Tax Returns and Tax Returns and

Tax Liabilities by Tax Liabilities by

IncomeIncome

Exhibit 5Exhibit 5--55 Personal Income VolatilityPersonal Income Volatility

Exhibit 5Exhibit 5--66

Allocation of 7.25% Statewide CaliforniaAllocation of 7.25% Statewide California’’s s

Sales and Use TaxSales and Use TaxFor every dollar of taxable purchases, you pay sales tax to:For every dollar of taxable purchases, you pay sales tax to:

Restricted for transportation ¼¢County

Local government operations¾¢City or county jurisdiction in

which sale occurred

¼¢State fiscal recovery fund

Restricted for public safety½¢State local public safety fund

½¢State local revenue fund

Unrestricted except for motor fuel sales, which are restricted

to transportation5¢State general fund

RestrictionsAmountDestination

Note: A city or county may levy additional sales and use tax. Therefore, the SUT varies in California from 7.25 to 8.75 percent.

Exhibit 5Exhibit 5--88 Property Tax AllocationProperty Tax Allocation

Exhibit 5Exhibit 5--10 10

Intergovernmental TransfersIntergovernmental TransfersPercent and amount of recipientPercent and amount of recipient’’s total revenues s total revenues

54.5 %$25.7 billion

8.2 %$3.8 billion

School districts****

7.7 %$2.8 billion

4.5 %$1.9 billion

Cities***

38.0 %$15.6 billion

22.3 %$9.1 billion

Counties**

--29.0 %

$42.9 billionState*

StateFederal

FromTo

*State of California, Comprehensive Annual Financial Report for the year ending June 30, 2005, Controller of the State of California, 2005.

**Counties Annual Report 2003-2004, Controller of the State of California, 2006.

***Cities Annual Report 2003-2004, Controller of the State of California, 2006.

****School Districts Annual Report 1999-2000, Controller of the State of California, 2003.

Exhibit 5Exhibit 5--1111 What Year Is This?What Year Is This?

Budget cycles overlap. A department is always in the midst of at least three concurrent budget cycles.

Exhibit 5Exhibit 5--1212

CaliforniaCalifornia’’s s

Annual Annual

Budget Budget

ProcessProcess

Exhibit 5Exhibit 5--13 A Tale of Two Agencies13 A Tale of Two Agencies

* Proposed General Fund Spending † Estimated Full-time Equivalent Students 2006-2007

1,243Enrollmentper 100,000 over 18

608Commitmentper 100,000 over 18

$13,218Cost per FTE student$34,150Cost per inmate

348,000Institutional population†

170,475Institutional population

23 campusesFacilities33 prisons40 camps

Facilities

$4.6 billionBudget 2006-2007*$8.6 billionBudget 2006-2007*

$45,156-$97,776Faculty salary$39,732-$67,932CO salary

11,06910,025

Full-time facultyPart-time faculty

33,428Correctional officers

44,000Total employment54,868Total employment

California State University (CSU)California Department of Corrections

& Rehabilitation (CDCR)

Exhibit 5Exhibit 5--1414

California California

State State

Government Government

ExpendituresExpenditures

Exhibit 5Exhibit 5--1515

Major Local Major Local

ProgramsPrograms