Chapter 12-13 The President &

Bureaucracy

Congress - Creates agencies that execute & enforce laws We nearby create an agency to protect the environment and they may create regulations w/ our permission as necessary to carry out this protection.

Birth of the......

They begin to promulgate how they will do this called ...

Today, they impact everything from drinking water, to energy star products to how much mileage your car gets

I.E. EPA

Agencies do? Promulgate regulations - create laws that Congress allows them to pass.

1. Growing Executive!

EPA

FCC

SEC

FAA

NSA

FBI

FDA

FEMA

USPS

2. Creating the Presidency!Political Characteristics

! Created to Balance power of Congress ! Federalist #70 - President needed with right

powers and right responsibility to people and government

3. Qualifications1. Must be age 35 (or older) 2. A natural-born citizen

! “Birthers” against Obama 3. Resident of U.S. for 14 years 4. Not already elected twice

4 years

Washington started a 2 term (8 yr.) tradition.

Every President followed this tradition, but 1, WHO?

Franklin Roosevelt was elected to 4 terms!

22nd Amendment makes 2 term election a law.

“No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice and no person who has held the office for more than two years of a term to which some other person was elected President shall be elected more than once.” 22nd Amendment

Based upon the 22nd Amendment what is the longest any person could be president

LONGEST ANY PRESIDENT CAN SERVE TODAY!

10 years = 2 years someone else’s term + 8 years of your 2 terms

4. Terms

Write only underlined words.

5. Many Roles & Powers of the President

!A. Head of State - ceremonial ! B. Chief Executive - head of execution of law ! Execute acts of Congress & Courts

! Powers of Nomination (Appointment Power) - ! Dept & Agency Leaders (1% of Executive Branch) ! Senate - Advise and Consent….Confirmation Power

! Reprieves and Pardons - Fed only! ! reprieve - sentence not carried out ! pardon - release from being prosecuted

! C. Commander-in-Chief ! Military powers ! Civilian head of armed forces

! **War Powers Resolution (1973) - Limit Prez Power

! Prez controls where and when, but Congress checks w/ power of purse $$

! Attempts to balance powers of

! Congress - Declare War ! v.

! President - Commander-in-Chief

The Football!

Begin 13 Days

!D. Chief Diplomat ! Treaties v Executive

Agreements ! Treaty - 2/3 Senate approval

and binding on future Presidents

! Sidestep #1 - **Ex Agreement - Binds nation like a treaty, but next President can rescind. Why? Don’t need Senate approval…not a treaty, but acts like one!

! Iranian Deal is an Ex. A.

Sidestep?Ways Presidents “get

around” the Constitution to accomplish their policy

goals

!E. Chief Legislator - increasing role ! Veto Power

! No “partial” or “Line-Item” Veto - Sign or Veto all.…Clinton v. NY

! **Signing statements - Sidestep #2- signing of bill, BUT “I won’t enforce it this part of it”

! (kind of a partial veto?!) How to enforce new laws.

W. Bush signed more than all Presidents with 800. Obama has used it 20+ times.

1. Bureaucratic Agencies. ID one.2. What are they?3. How could one say agencies have executive

and legislative powers?4. ID the Presidential qualifications5. How can a President serve 10 years as

President today?6. ID 2 powers the President has with his Chief

Ex role.7. Explain how we balance the fact that the

Constitution expresses the President is the Commander-in-Chief, yet only Congress can declare war.

8. How could President Obama create his own “treaty” with Iran without the Senate’s consent?

F. Chief of Party Patronage - The Spoils System….jobs given to supporters after election. Very Limited.

Why so limited today? Civil Service - Protects 99% of Ex Jobs from presidents Presidents dislike bc hard to make changes - staff and policy in Executive Branch.

6. Special Uses of Presidential Power

!A. ***Executive Orders - Sidestep #3 Orders how to enforce existing laws (or not enforce!)….sometimes used for emergencies !Revokable by next President

! How to enforce…Obama - “immigration prioritizing” ! Emergency…FDR - WWII Japanese internment

camps

!B. ***Ex Privilege : Sidestep # 4:

! He and those with him can’t be forced to talk to Congress about discussions. Allows those with him to be more candid !US v. Nixon - limits privilege

Criminal acts not privileged.

7. Powers OVER Presidents Impeachment/Removal “High Crimes and Misdemeanors” -Majority of House - Impeach (2) -2/3 Senate - Removal (never)

Clinton Impeachment Trial

Impeachment = 218 in House Removal = 67 Senators

Sidestep Review - Go back and highlight them!1. Ex. Agreements - Treaty Power?2. Signing Statements - Can do?3. Executive Orders - Can do?4. Executive Privilege - How far?

The 21st Century American Presidency has changed the Office dramatically in terms of size and powers. Explain 3 ways the modern president has increased presidential powers.

The President sidesteps (pick 1)a treatya new lawan existing lawdiscussing certain information

by using (Name it!).

(Explain it!)

This increases their power by (Summarize it!).

8. The Executive Branch Organization - pg 419

!The Cabinet !Heads of 15 executive departments and other

key officials (VP) ! Heads - Secretaries - Nom and Confirm. !Not required by Constitution or law..tradition

9. The Vice President

! Strengthening the ticket ! Help w/ Presidential

weaknesses

!Succession ! 1.VP 2. Speaker ! 3. Pro Temp 4. S.State

! “25” Incapacity !Maj. Cabinet can take

power from President.(DoD photo by R. D. Ward)

The Bureaucracy

10. The Nature of Bureaucracy!Bureaucracy: agencies who execute

laws and MAKE laws when Congress allows! - Underrated 4th Branch

(© Chip East/Reuters/Corbis)

Defense Spending and Government Inefficiency?

Public Bureaucracies !Organized to serve citizens

!Job Protection! !.1% fired

★ Problem = Less Motivation w/ few incentives to work hard….make same $$ working hard or not!

!Zootopia Scene!

Private Business !Organized to make profit

!Little Job Protection

★Benefit = Motivation! Incentives to work hard to make more $$

Should Bureaucracy be more like a business..How?

11. The Organizations of Ex. Branch! 1. Departments - In line to Pres.

! Report directly to Pres. ! some can promulgate rules

! 2. Ex. Agencies - specific task ! not Dept. but direct reporting to Pres. ! ex. CIA- Intelligence NASA-Space

! 3. Regulatory Agencies - regulate industry! ! ex. Nuclear Reg Commission

! 4. Government Companies. -USPS, Amtrak

President nominates leaders. May fire leaders any time

President nominates leaders May fire leaders

only w/ reasons

Gov’t Biz, hopeful profits

Executive Agencies Regulatory Agencies

12. Congress Bureaucracy Control

!1. O. Oversight of - Questioning ! “Police Patrol” Reviews ! “Fire Alarm” - Problems! FEMA w/ Katrina!

!2. A. Approval of Leadership

! Senate consent

!3. F. Funding of! ! Do well, get more $$

Breakdown

Bureaucracy - Don’t be an OAF!!!!

13. Iron Triangle - Groups in cahoots with each other…to make something

CONGRESS

INTEREST GROUPS

BUSINESSES

Cont

rols

Fund

ing

of A

genc

y

tank

par

ts m

ade

in s

tate

s

supp

ortin

g Ag

ency

Push easy regulations

$$ for re-election

Provides contracts to build

Favorable taxes & laws

EX AGENCY

14. Issue Networks - Passing Policies…laws! Like-minded sides work together and battle opposing sides to win the issue to pass their policy. “Winners” in this battle get best policies.

SupportersInterest Groups - -$$ $$ to Super PACs for studies on guns to and campaigns to support issue-$$ for media buys to support issue

Federal Gun Legislation?

OppositionInterest Groups (NRA) & Gun Businesses - -$$$$ to Super PACs then to candidates to support the issue-$$ for media buys to support issue

Use $$/Influence to get decisions made, supported by Congress and favorable regulations

!Bureaucracy Organizations !Cabinet, Departments, Agencies,

Companies !Bureaucracy Control ! Iron Triangles v. Issue Networks