Chapter 11: The Road to san jacinto - RenWeb · Bayou banks where it joins with the san Jacinto...
Transcript of Chapter 11: The Road to san jacinto - RenWeb · Bayou banks where it joins with the san Jacinto...
CHAPTER 11: THE ROAD TO SAN
JACINTOPages: 246 -259
Section 1: Santa Anna remains in Texas◦ The fall of the Alamo and losses in South Texas allowed for Mexican
forces to advance further into Texas
◦ Santa Anna’s troops were ordered to burn down every town and
settlement in their path
◦ Santa Anna was anxious to get back to Mexico and thought the
Texas rebellion was coming to an end
◦ Commander of the Mexican forces: General Vicente Filisola
◦ Filisola was sent to arrest David G. Burnet and the temporary
government of Texas
Filisola and Santa Anna
◦ Filisola was an Italian man who served in the Mexican army for a
long time
◦ Contrary to Santa Anna, he thought the Texans would become
more angry the more Mexican forces march into Texas
◦ He thought the Texans would fight more stubbornly and not give
up so easily.
◦ Because of Filisola beliefs, Santa Anna delayed returning to
Mexico until after they have control over central and east Texas.
General Vincente Filisola
◦ https://www.google.com/search?q=general+vicente+filisola&newwindow=1&safe=active&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=DgvQVMr8BofEgwSFj4K4AQ&ved=0CAkQ_AUoAg&biw=1366&bih=667#imgdii=_&imgrc=3Ou6uivrf24z1M%253A%3B-rmTGEUnf8ZSQM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fupload.wikimedia.org%252Fwikipedia%252Fcommons%252Fthumb%252F7%252F7c%252FVicente_Filisola.jpg%252F220px-Vicente_Filisola.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fen.wikipedia.org%252Fwiki%252FVicente_Filisola%3B220%3B251
Houston builds the Texas Army
◦ Houston knew that the Texas campaign wasn’t over
◦ After being named the commander in chief at the convention of
1836, Houston leaves and joins the army at Gonzales.
◦ Upon arrival, Houston was greeted by 370 volunteers who had
heard the appeals sent out from the Alamo.
◦ People there: Edward Burleson, a long time Texas resident Colonel
Sidney Sherman, who brought Kentucky Volunteers
◦ Two days later, Houston found out that the Alamo had fallen
Houston faces a decision
◦ Houston had to make a decision- to fight or to flee after he had
heard that the Alamo had fallen
◦ He had less than 400 troops that were untrained
◦ Houston orders a retreat to the Colorado River in hopes of getting
more soldiers
◦ He send orders to Fannin to retreat from Goliad. Once there he
was instructed to blow up the garrison.
Houston’s army retreats
◦ March 13- Houston begins to withdraw troops from Gonzales
◦ Anything that could not be carried was destroyed by Juan Seguin
and his troops and they were also instructed to help civilians
escape
◦ Houston waited at the Colorado river at Burnham’s crossing for 9
days
◦ Volunteers stared to arrive
◦ Now has 1,400 soldiers – more still untrained and unequipped
Houston is worried about Fannin◦ Houston begins to wonder where Fannin is
◦ He sent out a scouting team to find out
◦ March25- Houston learned about what happened to Fannin and his
men (as discussed in chapter 10)
◦ Word that there was movement of Santa Anna’s troops toward to
Colorado River, Houston retreats further to the Brazos river
◦ This angered many officers and soldiers because they wanted to fight
◦ Houston believed his forces were still too weak
◦ Waited on help from the US
Panic causes the runaway scrape
◦ Houston’s decision to retreat panicked the families living between
Brazos and Colorado river
◦ They feared the Mexican army would be coming for them next after
hearing of the Alamo and Goliad massacre
◦ They started to move along the Sabine river in East Texas
◦ Their journey was difficult due to spring rains, lack of food, and sickness
◦ This was known as the Runaway Scrape
Houston trains his army ◦ March 29, 1836: Houston’s army reached the Brazos river at San Felipe
de Austin
◦ Two companies refused to retreat further – they were posted as
guards for the river and the rest of the troops headed northward to
the plantation of Jared Groce
◦ This plantation was used to train the army
◦ The troops complained about the training sessions and this made their
tempers worse
◦ There was talk of electing a new general
President David G. Burnet sent orders to Houston urging him to attack Santa
Anna
Houston still refused to discuss his plans to move the troops
Mexican Army
◦ Hendrik Arnold- a scout that kept Houston informed of Santa
Anna’s movements
◦ Mexican troops are advancing toward the Brazos
◦ Santa Anna’s forces failed to overcome the two forces that
Houston had left behind at the Brazos River.
◦ So Santa Anna moved 30 miles down the river where he learned
that President Burnet and his advisers were only 30 miles away in
Harrisburg – he begins to mobilize toward Harrisburg
◦ Yet the Texas government had moved to Galveston
Houston’s strategy ◦ Many of Houston’s troops believed Houston was drawing Santa
Anna’s troops toward to Sabine river
◦ General Edmund P. Gaines and his US troops came to aid the Texans
◦ When Houston turned toward Harrisburg his soldiers knew it was time
to fight
◦ Texas army reached Buffalo bayou on April 18
◦ Houston heard that Santa Anan’s army was close and moving along the
San Jacinto river
◦ Houston moved his army along the banks
Movement of troops
Check point – Section 1
◦ Why did Houston retreat to the Brazos river?
◦ What event began the Runaway Scrape?
◦ Why did the Texas government move locations?
Section 2: Victory at San Jacinto
◦ Objective: How did Texas defeat Santa Anna at San Jacinto
◦ Vocabulary:
◦ Cavalry
◦ Flank
◦ Infantry
The eve of Battle
◦ April 20, 1836- Texans troops are camped out along the Buffalo
Bayou banks where it joins with the san Jacinto River
◦ Santa Anna’s army was very close across the prairie (3/4 of a mile
away)
◦ Some of Santa Anna’s commanders were in poor location to fend
off an attack
◦ April 20th- small skirmish: during the skirmish private Mirabeau B.
Lamar (from Georgia) was so distinguished in battle that he was
given command of the Texas Cavalry – army on horseback
San Jacinto soldiers from varied backgrounds
◦ Houston had an entire company made up of Native Americans
commanded by Juan Seguin (20-30 men)
◦ Houston worried that Seguin and his men would be shot by
mistake
◦ To protect them, Houston had them guard the Texan camp– this offend
them
◦ Jose Antonio Manchaca told Houston that they joined the army to fight
and fight they would
◦ Houston admired their courage
◦ Seguin's men wore pieces of cardboard on their hatbands to
distinguish them from Mexican soldiers
Houston calls a council of war
◦ April 21, 1836
◦ Santa Anna had about 850 troops with him and about 540 more
joined him under the command of General Cos (inexperienced
soldiers)
◦ Cos’ men had marched all night, so Santa Anna told them to eat
and rest and so did Santa Anna
◦ Houston ordered Erastus “Deaf” Smith and Henry Karnes to
destroy the bridge across Vince’s bayou
◦ This cut off the path of retreat for both Texans and Mexicans
Interpreting battle maps
Remember the Alamo
◦ 3:30 in the afternoon: general Houston ordered his officers to
assemble the troops for an immediate attack
◦ Sidney Sherman commanded the left regiment or flank
◦ Edward Burleson was on the right side of Sherman
◦ Twin sisters were in the center under the command of George W.
Hockley
◦ 4 infantry units were to the right of Hockey
◦ Cavalry unit was commanded by Mirabeau B. Lamar on the
extreme right – in charge of keeping the Mexican troops from
escaping
The battle◦ Houston draws his word and ordered the troops to advance
◦ 3 Fife players played “will you come to the Bower”
◦ Smith rode up and says that the Vince bridge is down
◦ The Mexican army was sleeping – they didn’t know the Texans were
coming
◦ The Texan troops began to cry “Remember the Alamo and
Remember Goliad” as they opened fire with cannons
◦ https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/qes04
Interpreting battle maps
The Mexican army surprised
◦ The Mexican forces tried to get their troops together
◦ There was much confusion
◦ Some Mexicans tried to run away but the bridge had been
destroyed and they were cut off by Lamar’s army
◦ The battle was over in 18 minutes but the killing continued until
dark
Mexicans suffer heavy losses
◦ The losses for the Texans were little –less than 10
◦ 30 were wounded including General Houston
◦ 630 Mexican casualties and 730 captured as well as Santa Anna
◦ Santa Anna was found hiding in tall grass- he had run away from
the fight
◦ At first the Texans did not recognize him and one of his own men ratted
him out and he was taken to General Houston
The Texan Navy Control the Coast
◦ The navy had 4 ships that were able to control the Texas coast
◦ They brought supplies and help cut off supplies to the Mexican
troops
◦ Since several thousand Mexican troops remained in Texas after
the battle, they were forced to withdraw thanks to the help of the
navy for cutting off supplies
Treaty of Velasco
◦ http://www.history.com/topics/battle-of-san-jacinto
◦ http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/mgt05
Explain what the Treaty of Velasco stated in your own words
◦ Both public and private
Many Texans wanted revenge
◦ After the war, many Texans wanted to hang Santa Anna for all of
the deaths at the Alamo and Goliad
◦ Houston refused to let the soldiers kill the general
◦ President Burnet also spared Santa Anna’s life
◦ Burnet was determined to carry out the terms of the Treaty of
Velasco
◦ Santa Anna boarded the ship, the invincible.
◦ A group of angry Texans refused to let the ship sail away and
demanded that they take Santa Anna to execute him.
◦ Burnet stepped in and said that this would not happen
◦ Several months later, Santa Anna left Texas
Victory Consequences
◦ Texas WON their independence by defeating the Mexican troops
at San Jacinto and capturing Santa Anna
◦ Those who fled during the Runaway Scrape were now safe and
could come home
◦ Houston went to Louisiana to seek medical attention
◦ Volunteers from the US finally showed up, but realized that the
battle was over and Texas had won
◦ What was now going to happen to the Republic of Texas?
Summary of section 2