Chapter 11

The Jeffersonian RevolutionWell over 6 feet tallNot a good public speaker. One of the greatest writers among

U.S. Pres. A renaissance manIncredibly well-read in science and

philosophyCont. Congress; assemblyman; Gov. of Virginia.; Author of Dec. of Independence; Min. to France; Sec. of State; Vice Pres.

Election of 1800 Adams v. Jefferson again. Close again.Aaron Burr runs as Dem.-Rep. Vice

PresidentJefferson wins this time, 73 to 65.Why do Federalists lose support? Election is very personalNew York is the key swing state. NY

delivered to Jefferson by Aaron Burr through his connections in the state.

Jefferson strongest in west and south where universal white male suffrage (no property requirements) had taken hold.

Election of 1800Aaron Burr problem. Vice Presidential election

and electoral college before the 12th Amendment

Tie throws election into House

Burr’s reactionWhat Hamilton does to

help Jefferson?Why he does it.

Revolution of 1800 Election of 1800 arguably the most

significant in US History.

Why?

The Federalist Finale Adams was the last

Federalist president.Federalist as halfway

house between European past and American present.

Why can’t Federalists appeal to more voters?

Stayed a party for another 20 years, but can’t win the presidency.

Federalists, like the dinosaurs, couldn’t adapt and so became extinct

Jefferson’s Political PrinciplesThemes of inauguralJefferson’s political principles

Rejected the idea of a political elite.

Backbone of democracy was the free, independent farmer.

Universal suffrage without regard to property ownership.

Small government—government governs best when it governs least.

Strict construction of the Constitution.

Jeffersonian Restraint Jefferson’s first priority was to undue abuses

by the Federalists. What does he do?Pardoned those convicted under the Alien and

Sedition Act Pushed a new naturalization law (1802) that

reduced residence requirement back to five years.Repealed the excise tax—cost US 1 Mill. per year

in lost revenue.reduced the national debt

What does he do to the core of Hamilton’s financial program.

Judiciary Act off 1801What did it do“midnight judges”.How did Dem.-Rep. view law?Dem.-Rep. repealed the

Judiciary Act.Chief Justice John Marshall

Shaped American legal tradition and meaning of the Constitution more profoundly than any other single figure.

Served as Chief Justice for 34 years

Marbury v MadisonMarshall’s first and one of his most important

legacies Basic FactsRuling

Judicial ReviewConsequences

Jefferson Turns Warrior

Jefferson attitude and actions toward army and navy.

North African Barbary Pirates

“Shores of Tripoli”Mosquito fleet

The Louisiana Godsend Spain had gotten Louisiana from France after the

F&I War1800 Spain ceded Louisiana Territory to France Why does France want it?In 1802 Spain withdrew the right of deposit. Farmers’ reaction? Jefferson’s options?Jefferson send envoys. Their instructions?Napoleon offers to sell the entire territory for 15

Mill..Why?

Envoys jump at the offer without waiting for instructions.

Louisiana Purchase

Terr. West of Mississippi in Miss. and Mo. River watershed

Louisiana In The Long View One of the most important events in US

History. Doubled the size of country and gave us very

fertile land.Increased the momentum of westward

expansion. Led to the feeling that country was unlimited. Planted the seeds of manifest Destiny—idea

that America destined to control entire continent.

Hamilton-Burr DuelFederalist attitude toward

Louisiana Purchase Aaron Burr Plot for the

secession of New England Hamilton-Burr duel in

1804. Reason for Duel

Burr killed Hamilton during the duel, and Burr further discredited

America: A Nutcrackered NeutralJefferson reelected in 1804 in a

landslide. (162-14), In his second term forced to deal with

the mess in Europe and to try to find a way to stay neutral.

Napoleon reignites war in Europe. Brits oppose.

By 1806 France supreme on Land, Brits supreme on seas. Stalemate.

At first, US shippers get rich trading to both sides.

America: A Nutcrackered NeutralBritish Orders in Council in 1806Napoleon’s response?Why does US see this as violation of its

rights?England impresses over 6000 US sailors

between 1608-11. Why does England refuse to stop?Chesapeake Affair -1807Americans outraged and ready for war,

but Jefferson refuses to pull the trigger. Why?

Jefferson’s Backfiring Embargo National Honor required US to do something Pros and cons of US options.Embargo Act (1807)

Assumed this would quickly bring England and France around.

EmbargoMost people HATE it. Why?.

New England Federalist particularly mad.What did they argue?.

Consequences:Three times more costly that war would have

been.Ultimately did help New England factories.

Non-Intercourse ActMarch 1809, just before Jefferson leaves

office, Congress repealed the embargo and substituted the Non-Intercourse Act What did IT require?

Why embargo failed?Non-Intercourse Act did hurt England, and

they repealed Orders in Council, but too late to avoid War of 1812

James MadisonBecame 4th President in 1809. 5-4, 100 lb., weak voice.Very distinguished career:

Cont. Congress, Congressman, Const. Convention, Sec. of State.

Not very successful as President. Party broken by factions and he was not a strong leader of it.

Dolly Madison, first true First Lady who acted as social hostess.

Madison: Dupe Of Napoleon Macon’s Bill No. 2

Why it was passed?What it said about trade?

Napoleon tricks Madison into believing France would comply. Sets US on course antagonistic to England.

“War Hawks” War Hawks pushing for War against

England.Why?Henry Clay; John C. Calhoun

““War HawksWar Hawks””““War HawksWar Hawks””

Henry Clay Henry Clay [KY][KY]

Henry Clay Henry Clay [KY][KY]

John C. Calhoun John C. Calhoun [SC][SC]

John C. Calhoun John C. Calhoun [SC][SC]

Battling Indians in the WestWar Hawks believed Brits

stirring up Indians in the West.Kentucky Problem

Tecumseh and the Profit. Shawnee BrothersThey began to build a tribal

confederacy east of the Mississippi.

Their plan.Attacked Settlers in “their”

land.

Indian BattlesNov 1811 General

William Henry Harrison (9th president) attacked Tecumseh’s headquarters at Tippecanoe Indiana

1814 Andrew Jackson (7th President) crushed Creek Indians at Battle of Horseshoe Bend (Alabama)Significance?

War of 1812June 1812 militant War

Hawks get a declaration of war from Congress, very narrow vote,

signaling a dangerous division in the country

Federalists strongly oppose

Dub it “Mr. Madison’s War”