Chapter 11 Telid

7/29/2019 Chapter 11 Telid

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CHAPTER 11 TEMPE LAKE INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT AND

CONSERVATION PLAN

11.1 Tempe Lake Integrated Development and Conservation Plan (TeLID)

Tempe barrage is an integral part of the recommended project system of Tempe Lake

Integrated Development and Conservation plan. The following description covers the

barrage construction and downstream improvement works required and related projects

which add to the tangible benefits of barrage construction and required downstream

dredging and improvement works. The following description includes:

Previous Tempe Lake Development Studies Related to Tempe Barrage WalCenMP 2003 Studies and Recommendations Concerning Tempe Lake

Integrated Development and Conservation Plan

Tempe Lake Integrated Development and Conservation Plan (TeLID) Description Other Integrated Project Components Operation and Maintenance Plan for TeLID

11.2 Previous Tempe Lake Development Study Related to Tempe Barrage

The Integrated Study on Tempe Lake Water Resources Management was conducted from

October 1996 to November 1997. The Report for this study was prepared on the basis of

the results of detailed field investigations and studies and presents the results of the study

particularly for Cenranae River Improvement Work including the construction of Tempe

barrage which was formulated through detailed field works and studies.

The report mainly deals with assessment of the present conditions in and around the study

area, technical, economical and financial evaluation of the proposed Project, and

ecological and environmental assessments on the implementation of the Project. The

seminar for the environmental impact assessment for this Project was held on April 3, 1997

at Bappeda meeting room in Makasar. The seminar was organized by the Public Works

Department of South Sulawesi Regional Office in Makassar, with all concerned

Government agencies were invited to attend.

The Environmental Impact Assessment Study (AMDAL) was carried out, on the sublet

basis, by the Environmental Study Center, Hasanuddin University, Makassar during two

(2) months from May to July, 1997. All important impacts due to implementation of the

Tempe Lake Improvement Project including Tempe barrage and the Cenranae river

improvement project were evaluated and clarified in the report. The Cenranae Flood

Control Project (an important component of the project was one of the priority projects


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identified in the "Master Plan Study for the Central South Sulawesi Water Resources

Development" conducted by JICA during 1978 -1980 period.

The 1997 Integrated Study on Tempe Lake Water Resources Management was executed to

formulate definite measures to mitigate the flooding around Tempe lake basin and to

maintain water level at an optimum level in the dry season, paying special attention to the

sustainable development plan on agriculture and fishery in and around the Tempe lake

basin. Tempe Barrage and Canranae river improvement was a recommendation of the

Integrated Study on Tempe Lake Water Resources Management.

Under Formulation of The Project section of the 1997 report, the basic concept for

agricultural and fishery development and lake preservation was listed as:

1. To reduce the seasonal inundation area around Tempe lake for expansion of cropping

area, releasing inhabitants from inconvenience and mitigating crop damages

2. To maintain the Tempe lake water level an optimum level during the dry season to

preserve fishery resources and the lake environment

To attain above 2 objectives, the following river improvement works were studied.

1) River improvement of the Cenranae river2) River improvement of the downstream reaches of Bila river3) Walanae floodway4) Tempe barrage

Tempe barrage and downstream channel improvement of Cenranae river was chosen as a

Project to go to feasibility study, detail design and specifications during the course of the

project. This combination of projects was chosen as one that would give the highest

economic internal rate of return (EIRR) value.

The main purpose of the barrage and channel improvement project was to improve

flooding conditions and water availability in the downstream Cenranae river and area

surrounding Tempe lake and the preservation of water level conditions in the lake during

the low water season.

The Walanae floodway and River improvement of the downstream reaches of Bila river

were each individually found to have an EIRR value of < 12. They were therefore not

included in the main Tempe barrage project formulation.

Tempe lake improvement project was therefore two components, 1) improvement of the

Cenranae river and 2) construction of Tempe barrage. Physical characteristics of the 2

projects are described as follows:

For river improvement of the Cenranae river, the channel bottom width was set at 40 m

through optimization procedures and for Tempe barrage the control level for the lake or


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top of steel sluice gate was chosen as 5 m above sea level. Characteristics of the 2

components of the project as envisioned in 1997 are given below.

(1) Cenranae River Improvement

a) Bottom width : 40 m - 25 mb) Depth : 6-8m

c) Gradient : 1/10,000 & 1/20,000

d) Length (Dredging volume) : 64.3 km (3,304,000 m3)

(2) Tempe Barrage

a) Type of barrage - Gate type

b) Material of barrage- Concrete

c) Gate crest elevation - EL. 5.0 m

d) Design flood discharge - 749 rn3/sec

e) Crest length of barrage including piers - 85.0

f) Height of weir - 4.0 m

g) Operation bridge - 5.0 m (width) & 91.6 m (length)

h) Navigation lock - 5.0 m (width)

i) Fish ladder - 3.0 m (width)

The project preparatory works were scheduled to last one year including mobilization. The

civil works were to be undertaken by qualified civil work contractor/contractors to be

selected through competitive bidding. Major construction works were outlined as river

excavation of the Cenranae river with dredgers and construction of the Tempe barrage. The

major construction work volumes were estimated in 1997 to be; i) dredging works:

3,304,000 m3, ii) spoil bank: 286 nos, iii) concrete works: 18,500 m3 and iv) 4 main sluice

gates.

The project cost was estimated at Rp. 78,430 million in total consisting of Rp. 52,360

million of foreign currency and Rp. 26,070 million of local currency based on the current

market price level in South Sulawesi as of October, 1997 and the price escalation factor at

2.5 % per annum for the foreign currency portion and 10 % per annum for the local

currency portion. The physical contingency included 10% of the basic cost. The calculation

of EIRR was made based on 50 years of Project life. The result of the economic evaluation

indicated that the project was feasible with EIRR of 12.1%. A sensitivity analysis in terms

of EIRR for several cases confirmed that the project was feasible for all cases. The

project was evaluated with respect to both farm and fishery economy.


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Conclusion of the Integrated Study on Tempe Lake Water Resources Management was

that the project including Tempe barrage and Cenranae improvement works was feasible

and should be constructed to derive the anticipated benefits.

The following is a list of reporting completed on the subject of Tempe Lake development

prior to the start of the WalCenMP project September 15, 2002.

Listing of Tempe lake Reporting Prior to WalCenMP Study (September, 2002)

1 Final Report on Integrated Study on Tempe Lake (Main Report) Dec. 1997

Water Resources Management

2 Final Report on Integrated Study on Tempe Lake Volume I Dec. 1997

Water Resources Management Annex I Geology

Annex II Meteorology and

HydrologyAnnex III Agriculture and

Agro-Economy

Annex IV Fishery

3 Final Report on Integrated Study on Tempe Lake Volume II Dec. 1997

Water Resources Management Annex V River Improvement

Plan

Annex VI Construction Plan and

Cost Estimate

Annex VII Project Organization

Annex VIII Project Evaluation

Annex IX Environmental Study

4 Design Criteria on Tempe Lake Improvement Sep. 1997

Project

5 Design Report on Tempe Lake Improvement Dec. 1997

Project

6 Tempe Lake Improvement Project(Package-1) Tender Documents for Cenranae

River Improvement Work

Volume 1, 2,3

7 Tempe Lake Improvement Project(Package-2) Tender Documents for

Construction of Tempe Barrage

Work Volume I, II

8 Tempe Lake Improvement Project (Package -2) Tender Documents for Tempe

Barrage Construction Works

Volume III

9 Tempe Lake Improvement Project(Package-2) Bidding Document for

Procurement of

O&M Equipment

Invitation to Bid etc.


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11.3 WalCenMP 2003 Studies and Recommendations Concerning Tempe Lake Integrated

Development and Conservation Plan (TeLID)

11.3.1 Rationale for the Re-analysis of Tempe Barrage and Cenranae River Improvement Works

Following completion of the "Integrated Study on Tempe Lake Water Resources

Management" including the recommendation of construction of Tempe barrage and

Cenranae river downstream improvement works, engineering and construction was

delayed until three conditions were satisfied related to the operation and maintenance of

Tempe barrage and the downstream works. The three conditions were as follows:

(1) A comprehensive study including the consultative process of the Walanae-Cenranaeriver basin was conducted to establish the significance and influence of Tempe

barrage in the entire context of the Walanae-Cenranae river-basin

(2) A comprehensive environmental study is available for the watershed includingTempe barrage and Cenranae downstream channel improvement

(3) An organization to manage water resources in a holistic manner among the threedistricts which have jurisdiction over Tempe lake is established and functioning

11.3.2 Steps Taken in Tempe Lake and Cenranae River Improvement Project Analysis

As a major step toward satisfying the about three requirements the Study has considered

the viability of Tempe barrage in the river training plan as a major component of the

Development, Conservation and Management Plan (DCMP) for the river basin. Thefollowing steps were included in the re-analysis of Tempe barrage and Cenranae River

improvement works.

(1) Review of 1997 "Tempe Lake Integrated Development and Conservation" Projectreport including Tempe barrage and Cenranae river improvement Works by the Study

Team.

Cenranae River Improvement

(2) Topographic survey of cross-sections downstream of Tempe barrage location toreevaluate dredging amounts required in view of the influence which recent large

floods may have had on the downstream river cross-sections.

(3) Recalculation of the downstream Cenranae channel rating curves (stage versus flowrate capacity) using the most recent cross-sections surveyed in January 2003

(4) Calculation of the volume of material that requires dredging under present rivercross-section conditions

Tempe Barrage

(5) Re-survey of water depths of Tempe lake and development of a reservoir volume /surface area versus water surface elevation curve for the lake


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(6) Re-analysis of the sediment deposition rate for the lake using all available data(7) Re-analysis of hydrological data (using additional data to 2002) related to inflow

and outflow to the lake and flooding potential

(8) Re-evaluation of Tempe barrage design characteristics such as; type and size ofgates and design elevation of the top (sill) of the gate which controls the lower-level

of the lake

(9) Recalculation of the Lake water levels considering present (2003) hydrologicalinflow and outflow conditions for the with and without the barrage scenarios

(10)A review of the structural design of the barrage considering the influences of recentdesign conditions on the barrage structure

(11)Consideration of the advantages of altering the 97 design to make the steel sluicegate sill at 6 m elevation to gain 133 million cubic meters of storage behind the

barrage. The storage will be used for a) environmental release to downstream

Cenranae for navigation improvement and river maintenance flow b) water for

pump irrigation for Cenranae and Tempe pump future development schemes c)

better control of water level for improved Tempe lake environmental conditions,

simple pump irrigation around the lake and intensive aquaculture practices.

Evaluation

(12) Computation of costs for the system of Tempe barrage and Canranae Riverimprovement

(13) Determination of benefits (tangible and intangible) for Tempe Lake developmentincluding Tempe Barrage and Cenranae river improvement

(14) Determination of the EIRR and FIRR for Tempe lake based on present design andcosting conditions.

The above stated three major requirements (in section 11.3.1) regarding 1)

Comprehensive masterplan study 2) Creation of a DCMP for the river basin inculding

Tempe Barrage and 3) Establishment of a responsible organization which have delayed

construction of Tempe barrage and Cenranae River improvement will be satisfied

following the completion of the Study.

11.3.3 Structural and Hydraulic Studies of Tempe Barrage

(1) Tempe Barrage

The components and configuration of Tempe Barrage were reviewed for structural

integrity under the design conditions of the present barrage concept for the Tempe

lake improvement Project. Minor changes were required due to present concept of

having the gate crest at elevation of 6 m as compared to 5 m in the 1997 study.

Increase of crest elevation of the barrage gates and its influence on the structure wascomputed and found to create a 20% increase in cost (see hydraulic structure


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sectoral report). The longitudinal profile of Tempe Barrage is shown as Figure

11.3.1.

(2) Cenranae River Channel Improvement

A review of the downstream dredging volume required was made it was calculatedthat the dredging volume change from 3,000,000 m in the 1997 study to 100,000

m under conditions of the downstream channel in the WalCen MP 2003 study.

11.3.4 Description for the Tempe Lake Integrated Development and Conservation Plan (TeLID)

(1) Project Description of Tempe Barrage Related Components

Tempe Lake Integrated Development and Conservation Plan (TeLID) supports lake

conditions in an integrated approach to regional development around the Temple

Lake. By managing water resources in the Tempe Lake with the barrage,agricultural, fishery, social and environmental development activities around the

lake will be harmonized. The projects described in this section are those

recommended as the first in a series of projects, judged to have the highest EIRR

and satisfy the conditions of environmental and social sustainability, implemented

following the construction and operation of Tempe Barrage.

As previously indicated, the barrage gate sill (which is elevation of the top of the

gates) will be increased to 6 m elevation. This will create 133 million m of storage

behind the barrage between the 6 m and 5 m elevations. This storage will beavailable for a) environmental flow release to downstream Cenranae for navigation

improvement and river maintenance flow b) water for pump irrigation for Cenranae

and Tempe pump future development schemes c) better control of water level for

improved Tempe lake environmental conditions, simple pump irrigation around the

lake and intensive aquaculture practices.

The components of this plan are shown in Figure 11.3.2 and described as follows.

With Tangible Benefits

Bellawa Pump Irrigation Simple Irrigation Fishery Conservation, Development and Management Plan Within Tempe

Lake

With Intangible Benefits

Sengkang Water Supply Information Center


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The components are described individually as follows:

1) Bellawa Pump Irrigation

Following construction and operation of Tempe barrage, low dry season water

level in Tempe lake will be controlled above 5 m elevation. With this control onlake water level, a pumping system can be installed in the lake to supply

irrigation system for an area which is presently rain fed. The area will become

the Bellawa irrigation system.

The Bellawa pump irrigation system will improve farmers income in the area

and in the surrounding sub districts and especially within Sidrap district where

the project is located. The project will adequately ensure sufficient water supply

to meet crop water demand and mitigate dry season drought disaster probability.

The cropping area of the scheme is 1,710 ha which is presently a rain fed area

plus 90 ha where private pumping operation is now located. This 1,800 ha will

be upgraded to a technical irrigation area.

A more detailed description of the project is given in the Wetlands Sectoral

Report

The project description is as follows:

Water source : Sidenrang Lake

Inlet Channel : Salotengah RiverIrrigation Area : 1, 800 ha

Pump : submersible type, 5 m head, 95 hp X 4 sets

Main Canal : 1 -- concrete lined -- length 8 kms

Secondary Canals : 3, concrete lined -- length 10 kms

The project financial cost including preparatory works, construction cost,

engineering services, O & M equipment costs, administration costs, land

acquisition, taxes and duties, physical contingency, and price contingency is Rp.

32.96 billion.

2) Simple Irrigation

As with Bellawa pump irrigation, a relatively stable low water level in dry

season of Tempe lake creates opportunities for irrigation from radial channels

excavated along existing drainage lines to permit pump irrigation from the

channels.

Excavation of the channels to a depth suitable for pumping was recommended

during field surveys and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) meetings conducted bythe Study. Under present conditions the bottoms of smaller channels leading


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into Tempe Lake are at too high an elevation to permit water to flow up the

channels from the lake. The channel bottoms will be excavated to a depth to

allow pumping from the channels for application of crop water.

The excavated channels will also facilitate drainage from village and their

cultivated areas along the channel during and after floods from upstream and

from higher water levels of the lake and also boat transportation to villages

along the channels will be facilitated by the enlarged and deepened channels.

There will be project areas in the 2 districts of Soppeng and Sidrap. The two

projects will be described below.

(a) Sidrap Wetland Simple Irrigation Development Project

Location : Laringgi Channel 2.5 km - 260 ha

Bilokka channel 3 km - 340 ha

Initially the river channel bottoms will be excavated from their present

approximately 5.5m to 4.5m elevation for lengths of approximately 5.5 km.

Tertiary canal length will be 5.5 km, drainage canal length: 1.5 km.

When the excavation is completed the farmers will be encouraged to form

cooperatives (user associations) to use existing pumps or purchase new

pumps and construct a station to pump from the river. Also individual private

pump locations can be established along the improved channels to lift waterfor agricultural use.

(b) Soppeng Wetland Simple Irrigation Development Project

Location : Welonge Channel, 4 km, 250 ha

Salomate Channel, 6 km, 510 ha

Lainpore Channel, 6 km, 360 ha

Panincong Channel, 7.5 km 770 ha

Initially the river channel bottoms will be excavated from their present

approximately 5.5 m to 4.5 m elevation for lengths of approximately 23.5

km. Tertiary canal lengths will be 17.5 km, and drainage canal lengths will

be 12.5 km.

When the excavation is completed the farmers will be encouraged to form

cooperatives (user associations) to use existing pumps or purchase new

pumps and construct a station to pump from the river.

Also individual private pump location can be established along the improved

channels to lift water for agricultural use. The potential increase in irrigation

area from present rain fed conditions to pump Irrigated will be 2,490 ha.


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Additional detail on simple irrigation works is given in sectoral report on

wetlands.



acquisition, taxes and duties, physical contingency, and price contingency

for simple irrigation is Rp. 7.26 billion.

3) Sengkang Water Supply

A guaranteed water supply source at a predictable water supply level in Tempe

lake will be available after Tempe Barrage is completed and operating. Water

quality will improve due to increased lake volume in the low water season.

These conditions create an opportunity to provide facilities including adequate

treatment to make a reliable water supply available to Sengkang through the

existing PDAM operations. The present water supply system at Sengkang is

as follows:

House connections -- 4, 275

Public hydrants -- 97

Operational staff -- 35 persons

There is presently a pumping system and treatment plant installed a number of

years ago.

Constraints regarding operation of the present system are listed as follows:

a) The PDAM's pump capacity is less than the required.b) Water Treatment Plant capacity operated not full installed capacity.c) Water quality of the raw water in the dry season becomes poor.d) Water distribution services by PDAM Sengkang in the present time are

estimated about 5 hours/day with interval one day stop for every service

area, which effected to the negative image of PDAM.

e) The existing water treatment plant installed during IKK and IKDprogram has unsatisfactory performance of the rapids and filter and has

limited transmission and distribution pipe facilities

The table in next page shows a comparison of the present conditions of

Sengkang to the existing operating criteria for water treatment plants.


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The proposed system is shown as Figure 11.3.3.

The facilities to be constructed are listed in the following table.

No Facility Type Quantity Note

A. Raw Water Intake water source: river water 8 hr/day

operation

design capacity; 81.69

liter/sec

A-1 Intake Pump 64.56 hp 6 nos

A-2 Transmission Pipelines OD. 350 mm

B. water Treatment Plant CDC (Clearator Diffuser

Compact)

B-1 Chlorinating System Standard

B-2 Booster Pump Standard

C. Reservoir Standard

D. Distribution Pipelines Standard 1.00 km

D. Water Service Facilities

D-1 House Connection Standard 4275

D-2 Public Hydrant Standard 97




16.51 billion.

Problem Criterion Standard The Present Condition

1. The distribution continuity 24 hours/days 5 hours/zone

2. The water losses 20% Above 40 %

3. The water consumption.

a. Household connection 100 - 200 l/day/per house 69 l/day/per house

b. The public tap 40 - 60 l/day/per tap 38 l/day/per tap

4. The remains of energy

pressure to the distribution

system

10 meters Min: 0.8 m

Max.: 3.5 m

5. The service coverage of

treated water in the five years

development plan (repelita)

80% 50%

6. The utility of fitting capacity 90% 66%

Used

7. The service advancement for 50 - 100 units/month 40 units/monthProposed connection

8. The PDAM responses for For 2 - 3 days periods For 2 - 3 days repair

consumer complaint handling complete the repair Completed


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4) Fishery Conservation, Development and Management Plan within Tempe Lake

(a) Development ObjectivesThe objectives of fishery development in Tempe Lake are:

Increasing of fishermens and fish farmers income.

Increasing of fish consumption per person. Increasing of local revenue (PAD) and implementation of local

development.

Minimizing of conflicts between fishermen. Preservation of fish resources.

(b) Fishery Development Concept for Tempe LakeThe fishery development concept for Tempe Lake is as follows:

Development of a sustainable market-oriented fishery business Development of fish culture and open water fishery through fish farmer

and fishermen empowerment working with other sectors in a marketing

partnership

Development of needs based facilities and then infrastructure in the area Development of legal aspects focusing on creating a conducive business

climate, traditional right, competence limit and OTODA (district

autonomy), as well as consensus between interrelated institutions.

(c) Development Potential- Open Water Fisheries

Human Resources

There are 28 villages surrounding Tempe Lake in three districts, Wajo,

Sidrap and Soppeng. The population in this area is approximately 30,000

households (120,000 people), 4,000 households make a livelihood from

fishing and fish trading (ie: whose living depends on fishing in Tempe

Lake).

Fish Resources

Fishery potential is described as varying according to Tempe lake water

surface elevations and related surface area. The potential in tons per year

is as follows:

Elevation(masl)

Lake Surface Area(prediction area) (ha)

Predicted Fish Potential(Tons) *

5 13,290 14,685

5.5 15,099 16,684

6 16,628 18,374

6.5 23,010 25,426

* The prediction area multiplied by average annual catch based on 20 years of data


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- Aquaculture

The aquaculture technique suitable for Tempe Lake is floating net cage

culture. Floating net cage culture techniques will be carried out for two crop

periods of four months per year and bamboo cages and pens will be used for

the other months when water levels are less than the 1.5 m required for

floating net cage.

The following table shows the areas available for aquaculture production

and open water fisheries in Tempe lake based on surface area and seasonal

water depths.

Prediction area of fishing ground, area of aquaculture and fish potential

in Tempe Lake in WEL 5.0 6.5 meter

Predicted Area (ha)No. Item

5 5.5 6 6.5

1 Available area for fishing 13,290 15,099 16,628 23,010

2 Fishing ground area after

reduction of aquaculture

area and conservation area,

etc.

12,590 13,299 13,628 19,010

3 Available area for

Aquaculture **)2,240 6,213 9,713 13,290

4 Area will be realized (

30% of available area)700 1,800 3,000 4,000

Note: *) Area with more than 1.5 meter water depth

(d) Proposed Development(1) Open Water Fishery

Development factors for open water fishing are as follows:

Development and management of fishing, including stockenhancement and regulation of catch.

Fishing gear enhancement programs Fishing ground arrangement and management Establishment of a fish protection area Establishment of an open water fishery development Center Zoning and minimizing of conflicts between fishermen

(2) Aquaculture

There are three fish culture methods that can be developed in the

Tempe Lake i.e.: fish culture using bamboo cages (keramba), floating

net cages (jaring apung) and bamboo pens (reban). Floating net cages

and bamboo cages can be practiced in areas where the water depth is

more than 1.5 meter: or within the 4.5 meter elevation contour line.


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The pen system can be placed near the 4.0 4.5 meter contour lines

(depth of water > 1.5 meter for the 2 four month periods).

Kinds of fish that can be cultivated are common carp, java carp and

kissing gouramy. These fishes are omnivorous and can be fed by pellet

fish feed.

There is some concern over eutrification caused by the heavy fish

feeding of aquaculture. Computation of the volume of fish produced

in cages considering lake inflow outflow and circulation conditions

and the amount of P2O5 concentration which can be safely developed

before critical conditions of eutrification occur is very difficult and

in-exact. A safe figure for beginning of aquaculture in the lake is one

to two (4 meter X 4 meter X 1.5 meter) (24 m3) cages/ha.

Calculations indicate that approximately 1200 (24 m3) cages over the

lake area is the limit that should be allowed in the first instance. A

warning system measuring chemical and biological factors which

indicate that unification is imminent will be used in the lake. Also

chemical and biological water measurements will be taken as the

number of cages for aquaculture increase to indicate when the danger

point for eutrification is being reached in the lake.

In consideration of the viability of the Tempe Lake IntegratedDevelopment and Conservation Plan (TeLID) including the benefits

from aquaculture, the total volume of cages of 28,800 m3 has been

assumed. Through careful monitoring this figure may prove to be

quite conservative and the number may be increased to an upper safe

limit.

Timing of fish culture activities recommended is shown in the

following table.

Timing of floating net cage culture and others in Tempe Lake under with

Barrage Conditions

Other important items for aquaculture are 1) fish fry supply 2) fish

feed supply and 3) fish cropping patterns, these aspects are discussedin fishery related project sheets and briefly described in a later section.

No Period Time Month Fish Culture Technique

1

2

3

I

II

III

4 months

4 months

4 months

January April

May August

Sept - December

Floating net cage

Floating net cage

Bamboo cage / pen

Bamboo cage / pen


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The investment and recurrent costs for floating nets, bamboo cages

and pens have been considered in EIRR calculations.

Additional detail on open-water fisheries and aquaculture potential is

given in the Fisheries Sectoral Report.

5) Information Center

Operation of Tempe Barrage requires coordination of information and

operations to meet the predetermined lake levels, downstream Cenranae I

environmental flows and to coordinate the release of flow in case of a flood

warning. Lake levels respect to be decided by a coordinating committee

PPTPA through coordination of water level requirements of the three districts

which hear portions of the lake. Tempe lake operations center will house the

operation group coordinated by the BPSDA in Sengkang and operate as a

secretariat to the Balai. The information Center will consist of the following:

Building * 4F X 750 m Computer system (including GIS and database) Other equipment and miscellaneous (including exhibition facility)

Cost estimate for the facility to be constructed as part of the Tempe lake

improvement center is as follows:

Note: * Including

1.Meteo-Hydrological (including soil) observation monitoring and maintenance section2.GIS/Database updating and compilation section3.Hydrological forecast and warning system installation/improvement section4.Environment information exhibition, demonstration and extension section5.Multipurpose hall, meeting rooms, etc.




3.96 billion.

(2) Cenranae River Improvement

Dredging

A review of the downstream dredging volumes required for Tempe lake integrated

improvement under existing downstream cross-section has shown that the

Item Unit QuantityBuilding * 4F X 750 m

(including electricity and water distribution system)

m 3,000

Computer system (including GIS and database) L.S. 1

Other equipment and miscellaneous (including

exhibition facility)

L.S. 1


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3,000,000 m required in 1997 has now been reduced 100,000 m according to river

channel cross-section measurements made by the Study. The financial cost of

dredging is now estimated that Rp. 5.9 billion.

(3) Project Costs

The project costs for economic evaluation consists of construction cost, annual

operation and maintenance (O&M) cost and replacement cost. In the evaluation of

this study, the economic costs of non-traded goods are obtained by applying

standard conversion factors (SCF) to the financial costs. In the crop budget, which

is based on relatively accurate estimation, the shadow wage factor is obtained. The

project costs for implementation include the following costs.

(1) Preparatory works,(2) Construction of project facilities such as the Tempe barrage and the

Cenranae river improvement works,

(3) Procurement of O&M equipment,(4) Administration expenses,(5) Engineering services,(6) Physical contingency, and(7) Price contingency

The total implementation cost in the financial terms is estimated at Rp. 181,840

million, including tax and duties, (See Table 11.3.1). In the economic term this isRp. 151,471 million as shown in Table 11.3.2. The preparatory works and civil

Works account for around Rp. 115 billion and Rp. 110 billion for the financial and

economic costs respectively.

The annual O&M and replacement costs for project facilities are estimated

according to component factors. Estimations for the Tempe Barrage and Cenranae

River Dredging are based on the 1997 study with some modification according to

the current situation (e.g. price escalation) in Table 11.3.3.

The financial costs of proposed TeLID are as follows:

(Rp. million)

Component Amount

Information Center 3,960

Tempe Barrage 115,220

Cenranae River Improvement 5,940

Simple Irrigation 7,255

Belawa Pump Irrigation 32,961

Sengkang Water Supply Extension 16,505

Total 181,840


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(4) Project Benefits

It is considered that all components of the project previously described are

necessary to make a successful integrated development plan for Tempe lake. The

following table is an indication of the components of the project which have

tangible and intangible benefits. In the case of tangible benefits capital and

recurrent costs and their benefits have been included in analysis: however, in the

case of intangible benefits capital and necessary recurrent costs have been included

but no benefits have been included in the EIRR calculations.

Cost-Benefit Relation in Tempe Lake Integrated Development Project

Component(Cost inthe Project)

Benefit

Treatment in

the M/PEconomic

Evaluation

Basis for Other Components

Fishery (Aquaculture) Tangibile

Fishery (Sustainable Open Fishery) TangibleTempe Barage

Environmental Benefit (Water Resource ) Intangible

Cenranae RiverDredging

Flood Mitigation Intangible

Bellawa PumpIrrigation

Crop Production Tangible

Simple Irrigation Crop Production TangibleSengkang WaterSupply

More and Clean Water for People Intangible

Information CenterInformation for Flood Control and Environmental

ManagementIntangible

1) Tangible Benefits

Tangible Benefits in the evaluation of this study are from aquaculture and

agriculture which comprise Simple Irrigation and Bellawa Pump Irrigation. For

the agriculture, the agricultural benefits are defined as the difference in net

return from crops between the future with and the future without project

conditions. As for fish culture, since there is no production at present condition,

the with/without difference is with-project production itself. Net benefits fromeach component are as shown below.

Without Pro. With Pro. Incremental

Aquaculture 0 14,777 14,777

Simple Irrigation 5,480 13,912 6,373Bellawa Pump Irrigation 6,479 12,581 8,432


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2) Intangible Benefits

Improvement of water quality and supply, flood mitigation, natural

environmental conservation, and the great availability of information are

difficult to convert to the monetary values. However, these positive effects can

be considered as project benefits.

(5) Evaluation Results

On the basis of the project cost and benefits estimated above, the cost and benefit

flows are estimated and the EIRR is calculated as follows. The details are shown in

Table 11.3.4 and are summarized as follows.

Project Evaluation for TeLID and Each Tangible Component

TeLID

EIRR (%) 12.8

B/C 1.29

B-C (Rp. Million) 38,238

The TeLID can be justified from the economic perspective, even though one takes

into account the tangible benefits only (if the evaluation excludes the Cenranae

River Dredging, Sengkang Water Supply and Information Center from the

calculation, it gives 14.1%). This means that with intangible benefits the TeLID will

yield higher benefits than the results described here. Further step for

implementation of the TeLID is thus required in order to attain these benefits.

(6) Recommendations

Tempe Lake Integrated Development and Conservation Plan (TeLID) is viable with

a calculated EIRR considering tangible benefits of 12.8%. The plan should have the

original design reviewed, original specifications revised and new design and

specifications done where required and the plan should be implemented as the

project according to the schedule shown as Figure 11.3.4.

11.4 Other Integrated Project Components

Construction and operation of Tempe barrage and its related water level control and

storage water in Tempe lake creates the possibility of a number of projects. The projectsfor which Tempe Barrage is a prerequisite in which have been included as part of the


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initial construction phase have previously been described. The projects which have been

previously described and are in this first phase of construction are listed below.

Aquaculture and open water fisheries Bellawa pump irrigation Simple irrigation Sengkang water supply Information Center

The above described components are recommended as the first in a series of projects

judged to have the highest EIRR and satisfy the conditions of environmental and social

sustainability to be implemented following construction and operation of Tempe barrage.

Other important projects to support aquaculture and agricultural development are

described below. Additional information can be obtained from the applicable projectsheets.

11.4.1 Establishment of Tempe Lake Round Table or Tempe Lake Development Committee

While no properly-recognized and functioning coordination mechanism exists for the

Tempe Lake management, establishment of a solely responsible institution to coordinate

the multi-district and sectoral interests is urgently needed. Such needs have been

expressed many times through PCM and FGD processes indicating that the feeling of the

need is widely shared by concerned parties.

Although the sole management decision making body for the Walanae-Cenranae River

Basin is scheduled to be established under the provincial authority, the coordination

function of it for the issues in and around the Tempe Lake may not suffice. To prepare for

and to supplement such an anticipated short fall, a discussion and decision making forum

especially designated for the Tempe Lake-related issues is considered appropriate to be

established within basin management decision making institution.

Such a forum can cover the various issues such as environment, fishery, agriculture,

drinking water, tourism, etc.

This committee should be effectively established and operating PRIOR TO Tempe

Barrage construction is completed and operation begins. In this way the committee can

insure that the optimum benefits can be derived from the advantages given by the control

of lower water levels of Tempe lake.

Implememtaion Agency - PPTPA under PTPA of the Provincial Government,

together with Wajo, Soppeng and Sidrap district governments and

Private Enterprise Representation


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11.4.2 Feasibility Study on Fish Food Factory Development for Fish Culture

When fish culture activities to be introduced, it is fundamental to secure the feed supply.

Nutrient rich pellet feed is necessary to maintain the fish culture activity. For the

full-fledged development case for the aquaculture activities, the roughly estimated demandfor the fish pellet feed for the aquaculture is approximately 20,000 t/year. The fish feed

factory may be developed to supply food for fish culture operations in other areas as well

as Tempe lake.

While this type of business can be well driven by the private sector efforts with the fair

competition mechanism, it is considered worthwhile to study the feasibility of the

governmental investment and support for this activity.

Implementing Agency Private sector development with limited government

support

11.4.3 Tempe Lake Freshwater Fishery Center Development 1The purpose of the Tempe Lake Freshwater Fishery Center Development is to support

fishery development in the Tempe Lake and its surrounding area.

The center will coordinate the fishery activities from both administrative and technical

aspects, in order to streamline presently uncoordinated and disorganized fishery activities

in and around the Tempe Lake area.

The establishment of the discussion forum consist of the main stakeholders in relation to

the Tempe lake management will be proposed in the Study (can be called Tempe Round

Table or Tempe Lake Development Committee, etc.).

The Freshwater Fishery Center will be placed under such forum as the directing

organization and will be collaboratively managed under the authorities of three districts

(Wajo, Sidrap and Soppeng). This Center will shoulder the responsibility of all the fishery

resources control, i.e. fishing regulations, aquaculture practices, lake water conservation

and fish restocking controls, etc. Furthermore, this Center will collaborate with universities,

research institutes, professionals, NGOs and other stakeholders for the technological and

institutional improvement of the fishing industry in and around Tempe Lake.

Implementing Agency - Three District Governments (Wajo, Sidrap and

Soppeng) and their Fishery Service Offices.

11.4.4 Permanent Bungka Fish Protection Reserve Establishment in Tempe Lake

The purpose of the permanent Bungka fish protection reserve establishment in Tempe

1 This concept was also discussed in Section 10.6.1 of Chapter 10.


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lake is to maintain the sustainable fish stock in the Tempe lake, provide the safe nursery

area where fish fry can live and grow into breeding adults.

In Tempe lake, the fish nursery areas where fish fry can live and grow is lacking and the

existance of fish stock is in critical situation. An effective measure to alter the present

situation is highly expected for both sustenance of fishery industry and the ecosystem of

the Tempe lake. This project can be an alternative option to the Fish Protection Area

component of the Tempe Lake Open Water Fishery Development and Management

Project, proposed in this Study.

This project is supported by participants of Public Consultation Meeting-1 (PCM-1),

PCM-2, and Socialization and Consultation Meetings with Six Districts in the study area.

Provide approx. 500 ha size of permanent Bungka structure in the center of the Tempe

lake from which the harvesting of fish is prohibited by regulation.

The general implementation steps are:

1) Consult with district governments, communities and fishermen and coordinate among

them, then agree on the area and regulations on Bungka construction and

management: year 1

2) Enact legislation for the creation and protection of Bungka reserve: year 1

3) Design and construct Bungka reserve: year 2

4) Monitoring and management: Year 3 onwards

Implementing Agency - PPTPA and Related District Government

11.4.5 Water Quality Monitoring and Improvement

Tempe lake water quality has been judged as unsatisfactory under a number of categories.

Recommendations regarding water quality taken from the Environmental Sectoral Report

are as follows.

Over the past 25 years the water in Lake Tempe and the surrounding, rivers hasremained broadly suitable for fisheries, and for use in agriculture and irrigation,

Certain pararneters have been above Health Ministry standards at certain locations inboth rivers and the lake, including Manganese, Iron, Lead, Copper and Arsenic, The 1990 study found an (unexplained) very high level of Aluminum in the lake, but

this may be discounted as it has not been recorded since"

Rivers are high in suspended solids, organic matter and total nitrogen, because thecommunities have little or no sanitary facilities, and use rivers for the disposal of

sewage and solid and liquid waste.

The lakes are eutrophic. high in suspended solids and phosphorus, and sedimentconcentrations (which restrict light penetration) are probably limiting) to plant

growth.

Lake Buaya is much clearer than the other lakes, and this is the only area where


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aquatic macrophytes (large plants) are found in abundance;

Well water sampled in 1996 was suitable for drinking, but river water is not, becauseof the high concentration of iron, sediment, and the presence of sewage bacteria".

Data from this Project showed that the rivers and lake are heavily polluted by organicmatter, with BOD values in the lake exceeding the national minimum standard bymore than 12 times,

As a.result dissolved oxygen in the lake falls to dangerous levels in the dry season(0.3 ppm, November 2002), which is a serious threat to aquatic life;

Manganese, iron, zinc and coliform bacteria were also above national standards inthe lake in 2002;

The 2002 data indicate that water in the lakes and rivers is suitable for irrigation only,and on no account should it be drunk, even after boiling,

The above description indicates that a water quality improvement program including acomprehensive water quality measurement program is necessary to raise water quality and

the lake to acceptable standards. Also close monitoring of lake water quality is required

when intensive aquaculture is introduced into Tempe Lake following construction and

operation of the barrage.

A water quality improvement program as described below will be implemented in Tempe

lake as part of the Tempe lake integrated development project.

The program is described as follows:

A water quality management and monitoring plan will be set-up including a task force to

develop a monitoring and management plan under Bappedalda or Proyek Induk (Main

Project). The task force will include representation from Walanae-Cenranae (WalCen)

River Basin (six districts, i.e. Enrekang, Maros, Sidrap, Wajo, Soppeng and Bone).

This project will consist of building up a Water Quality Modeling and improvement project

to be handled by a task force (Project) through NGO's and a university. Scope of the task

force oriented project will include;

Setting up and execution of a program for monitoring of lake water quality and riversentering to the Lake, selection of sampling sites, making a computer program forWater Quality & Pollution modeling in the Walanae - Cenranae river system

including Tempe Lake.

Prediction of lake water quality, annual and long term, including preparation lakeresponse model and lake-watershed relationship.

Set-up of a new organization (named PROKASIH) under the Governors or BappedalSouth Sulawesi.

Preparing the standard operation procedures for water quality and pollution controlmonitoring, law of enforcement, preparing standard for pollution fee and other

(Local) Government Regulation related to Water Quality and Pollution


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11.4.6 Pump Irrigation Developments (Cenranae Irrigation and Tempe Pump Irrigation)

Following completion of Tempe barrage regulation of the water level in Tempe lake will be

possible which will allowed the operation of a pump irrigation scheme from Tempe lake.

Integrated development of lake level control by Tempe Barrage, Cenranae river training

works and the pump irrigation developments should be studied at the pre-design and

feasibility stage.

Two alternatives (each form a separate pump well location) are considered:

Alternative I (Cenranae Irrigation): 2,300 ha, pumping elevation 15 m

Alternative II (Tempe Pump Irrigation): 19,000 ha, pumping elevation 50 m

Civil work design and construction of these pump irrigation schemes development should

be carried out after Tempe barrage has been constructed. The project has a calculated EIRR

of 13.6% (Cenranae Irrigation) and 12.3% (Tempe Pump Irrigation) at the planning stage.

(1) Cenranae IrrigationThe objective of the Cenranae Irrigation Project is as follows:

To improve farmers income, especially within the related sub district ofdevelopment plan of Tempe Pump Irrigation scheme

To ensure an adequate water supply to meet crop water demand in irrigationscheme planned as 2,300 ha (three times cropping per year)

Cropping intensity improvement from rain-fed area (100 %) to technicalirrigation scheme by 3 times cropping season (minimum of 250 %)

Through the meetings of FGD and PCM, people in the prospective irrigation area

have requested that the rain-fed area condition of one time cropping per year be

changed to technical irrigation scheme of 3 times cropping/year (generally stated as 5

crops in two years).

Following completion of Tempe barrage, regulation of the water level in Tempe lake

will be possible which will allow the operation of a pump irrigation scheme from

Tempe lake.

Implementing Agency - South Sulawesi Irrigation and Swamps

Superior Project (Irrigation Project Division of SIBOSOWA)

(2) Tempe Pump Irrigation

Tempe pump irrigation scheme of 19,000 ha is located on the left side of Cenranae

river. The present land-use is rain fed agriculture, and a number of locations along

the river are irrigated by pumping from the river and from groundwater. A reliable

water supply and predictable lake levels and storage release make this projectattractive for consideration.


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This will be Alternative II (stage II of the pond irrigation development possible

from Tempe lake. These he would be a development area of 19,000 ha fed by

pumping and to an average elevation of 50 m, civil work design and construction of

Tempe pump irrigation development should be done after Tempe barrage has been

constructed. The project has a calculated EIRR value of 12.3 at the planning stage

of detail.

The feasibility study is required to determine the viability of proceeding with

Alternative II development of the 19,000 ha area, based on the experience of

operation of the Alternative I which is 2,300 ha at 15 meters head will be available

before construction of the 19,000 ha scheme.

11.5 Operation and Maintenance Plan for TeLID

An operation and management plan for Tempe barrage and its integrated components has

been prepared by the project and is considered as an integral part of the Tempe Lake

Integrated Development and Conservation Plan. The operation and maintenance manual

can be found as report attachment of Operation and Maintenance Manual for Tempe Lake

Integrated Development and Conservation Plan (TeLID), in Section 1 of Volume 2, and

includes the following:

Present condition of Tempe lake

Basic Concept of Tempe Barrage and Its Integrated SystemInstitutional Concept and Organization for Tempe Lake Integrated Development

Tempe Barrage Operation

Tempe Barrage Main Gates Operation Rules

Main Gates Operation Manual for Tempe Barrage

Chapter 11 Telid

Documents

Transcript of Chapter 11 Telid