World War II Chapter 16. World War II Paths to War: Germany & Japan Section 1.
Chapter 11 Section 4: World War II
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Transcript of Chapter 11 Section 4: World War II
Chapter 11Section 4: World War II
ESSENTIAL QUESTION How did World War II affect Georgians?
Increasing Tensions Dictator: individual who ruled a country through military
strength
Country Leader Quick FactsJapan Emporer
HirohitoAttacked China seeking raw materials
Italy Mussolini Attacked Ethiopia and Albania
Germany Adolf Hitler Nazi leader; began rebuilding military forces, persecuting Jews, and silencing opponents
Soviet Union
Josef Stalin Built up industry and military, forced peasants into collective farms, eliminated opponents
The War Begins 1938: Hitler’s Germany attacks France to
“take back” land lost in WWI (Rhineland) Sent troops to take over Austria,
Czechoslovakia, and Poland Great Britain and France declared war Soviet Union invaded nearby countries and
agreed to split Poland with Germany By 1940, Hitler controlled Denmark, Norway,
Holland, Belgium, Luxembourg and a large part of France and began bombing Great Britain
A Neutral United States Most Americans did not want to get involved
in the war, but Roosevelt wanted to help Britain
Hitler turned on Stalin in 1941 and invaded the Soviet Union
Lend-lease: policy to lend or lease (rent) weapons to Great Britain and the Soviet Union
American ships began escorting British ships in convoys
Lend-Lease Japan, Italy, the Soviet Union, and Germany
were fighting Great Britain Most Americans felt the U.S. should not get
involved 1930’s Congress had passed “neutrality acts”
to keep the U.S. out of another war (we could not sell weapons to any warring nation)
1939 FDR got Congress to pass a new law that allowed the Allied Powers to buy arms if they paid cash and carried them in their ships
Lend-Lease (continued) 1940 FDR gave Great Britain old weapons and
traded 50 destroyers for British bases in the Western Hemisphere
1941 British ran out of $ so Congress let FDR “lend or lease” arms to them
Germany “turned” on the Soviet Union and invaded them so FDR gave lend-lease aid to the Soviets
FDR built air bases in Greenland and Iceland. The planes from these bases tracked German submarines.
U.S. Navy escorted British ships part of the way across the Atlantic
“A Day that Will Live in Infamy” President Roosevelt stopped exports to Japan
to protest its expansion into other countries Exports of oil, airplanes, aviation gasoline and
metals were stopped The Japanese attacked the U.S. Navy fleet at
Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on Dec. 7, 1941 Japan hoped to destroy the fleet giving them
control of the Pacific Ocean The USA declared war on Japan Allied Powers: USA, Great Britain, Soviet Union Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan
Pearl Harbor Japanese-American relations got worse U.S. stopped exporting planes, metals,
aircraft parts, and aviation gas to Japan 1941 Japan invaded French Indochina-
FDR seized all Japanese property in U.S.
Late 1941 Japan decided to invade Indonesia to get gas
U.S. Navy stationed at Pearl Harbor were the only ones that could stop them
Pearl Harbor (continued) Dec. 7, 1941 Sunday morning 8:00 AM
the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor 8 battleships destroyed or damaged More than 180 planes were destroyed Over 2,000 people killed/over 1,000
wounded “day that will live in infamy” Dec. 8 Congress declared war on Japan
American Military Forces Millions of Americans enlisted after the attack
on Pearl Harbor 330,000 women joined – could not serve in
combat roles Segregation in the military kept African
American and white service men in different units
Tuskegee Airmen: famous African American flyers of the Army Air Force
U.S. enters World War II Allied Powers-U.S., Great Britain, and
the Soviet Union Axis Powers-Germany, Japan, and Italy U.S. fighting on two fronts-Germany and
Italy in Europe and Africa and Japan in the Pacific
The War in Europe 1942-1943: British and American troops won
control of Africa 1943: Mussolini overthrown and Italy joined the
Allies American general Dwight D. Eisenhower
coordinated plan to recapture Europe D-Day: June 6, 1944 – Allied forces land in
northern France Early 1945: Germans pushed out of France April 1945: Soviet and American troops meet
and Germany surrenders – Hitler commits suicide
Georgia Loses a Friend President Roosevelt visited Georgia often at
his “Little White House” in Warm Springs His polio symptoms were eased in the
mineral springs April 24, 1945: President Roosevelt died
suddenly of a stroke in Warm Springs, GA Millions of Georgians and Americans
mourned Vice President Harry Truman became
president
FDR’s Impact on Georgia Got Congress to pass laws to protect
workers ND created the Tennessee Valley Authority
(TVA) which created Blue Ridge Lake, Lake Chatuge, and Lake Nottely
FDR’s body was carried by train to Washington as thousands of crying Georgians lined the tracks
The War in the Pacific 1942: Japan expanded its territory throughout
the Asian Pacific region 1945: Allied forces began to retake Japanese
controlled lands Japan refused to surrender President Truman authorized the use of atomic
bombs to force Japan’s surrender Enola Gay: plane that dropped first atomic
bomb on Hiroshima, Japan Japan surrendered after a second atomic bomb
dropped on Nagasaki Over 50 million people died in the war
The Holocaust The Holocaust: name given to the Nazi plan
to kill all Jewish people Auschwitz, Buckenwald, Dachau, Treblinka,
Bergen-Belsen infamous concentration camps where Jews and others were executed
6 million people killed in the Holocaust
The Holocaust Spring 1945-Allied troops pushed into Poland,
Austria, and Germany They found Auschwitz, Buckenwald, Dachau,
Treblinka, Bergen-Belsen (concentration camps) set up by the Nazis as the “final solution to the Jewish problem”
Those alive were emaciated skeletons from years of starvation, disease, cruel treatment, forced labor, and medical experiments
“systematic extermination (killing) of 6 million Jews” 5-6 million others labeled as “undesirables” were
also killed by the Nazis
The Holocaust (continued) Prisoners, including children, were gassed in
chambers they thought were showers Their bodies were incinerated in huge ovens or
thrown into mass graves Hitler wanted to rid the world of “inferior” people
including Jews, Poles, Czechs, Russians, Gypsies, homosexuals, and the mentally or physically disabled
1986 the GA Commission on the Holocaust was established
The Commission fosters tolerance, good citizenship and character development among the young people of GA
Annual art and writing contest for middle and high school students
The War’s Effects on Society Everyone was expected to help in the war
effort Women began working in jobs to replace
men who had gone to war G.I. Bill: law to help returning soldiers adapt
to civilian lifeLow cost loans for homes or businessCollege education opportunities
Women and African Americans did not want to go back to the kind of life they had before the war
Georgia During World War II 320,000 Georgians joined the armed forces –
over 7,000 killed Military bases were built in the state which
improved the economy Farmers grew needed crops – income tripled for
the average farmer Limits were put on the consumption of goods
such as gasoline, meat, butter, and sugar (rationing)
Students were encouraged to buy war bonds and defense stamps to pay for the war
Victory Garden: small family gardens to make sure soldiers would have enough food
POW (prisoner of war) camps in Georgia at some military bases
Bell Aircraft Needed to build aircraft plants to build more B-
29 bombers Bell Aircraft Co. of Buffalo, N.Y. got the contract
for a new plant in Marietta Largest aircraft assembly plant in the world with
4.2 million square feet 1943 they began assembling bombers with 1200
employees 1945-27,000 employees making 60-65 planes a
month 1950 Lockheed Aircraft Corp. reopened the plant
Military Bases WW II brought millions of federal $ to GA
strengthening the economyMajor Bases in GA: Fort Benning (Columbus) largest infantry
center in U.S. Camp Gordon (Augusta) Fort Stewart/Hunter Air Field (Savannah) Warner Robins Air Field (near Macon) Glynco Naval Air Station (Brunswick) flew
blimps to search for German submarines
Military Bases (continued) Fort McPherson (Atlanta) induction center
for newly drafted soldiers Fort Gillem (Clayton County) army storage
facility and railroad yard Prisoners of war (POWs) were held at Forts
Benning, Gordon, Oglethorpe, and Stewart At Fort Oglethorpe, 150,000 women
(Women’s Army Auxiliary Corp-WACs) trained to become postal workers, clerks, typists, switchboard operators, code clerks, and drivers or aides
Atlanta Airport became an air base in 1941
Savannah Shipyard Built “Liberty” ships (named after Patrick
Henry’s famous quote) Nov. 1942 launched first Liberty ship-the
U.S.S. James Oglethorpe (sunk by a German sub in 1943)
88 Liberty ships built by 15,000 workers, many of whom were women
Brunswick Shipyard 1943-1944 over 16,000 men and women
worked around the clock on 6 ships at a time
1944 set a record by building 7 ships in just one month
Worked on Christmas day and donated $ for that day to the war effort
Produced 99 Liberty ships
Richard B. Russell, Jr. June 1931, Winder resident Richard Russell
became GA’s youngest governor in the 20th Century
Sworn in by his dad, GA Supreme Court Justice, Richard B. Russell, Sr.
Former member and speaker of the GA House of Representatives
Combined 102 state offices into 17 agencies Combined the boards of trustees of state
colleges and universities into one governing group-the Board of Regents of the Univ. System
Richard B. Russell, Jr. (continued) Gov. Russell tried to run the state like a successful
business 1932 he was elected to the U.S. Senate (served
for 38 years) He favored national military preparedness and
states’ rights Served on the Senate Appropriations Com Co-sponsored legislation to provide a school lunch
to all children Advisor to 6 U.S. Presidents Served as president pro tempore of the Senate
(third in line for the presidency)
Carl Vinson U.S. House of Representatives (served 25
consecutive terms from 1914 -1965) Promoted a strong national defense 1934 Vinson-Trammel Act (manufactured 92
warships) Law to expand naval aviation system to
10,000 planes,16,000 pilots, and 20 air bases Law to ease labor restrictions in shipbuilding
to allow faster construction of navy ships
Carl Vinson (continued)After World War II: Wanted a strong defense throughout the
Cold War with the Soviet Union 1964-President Johnson awarded him
the Presidential Medal of Freedom Retired to his Milledgeville farm in 1965 1972-President Nixon named the 3rd
nuclear carrier for him He died in 1981
http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/stories/women_of_world_war_two