CHAPTER 11 SECTION 3

Life During Wartime

Essential Question

How did the Civil War bring about social and economic changes in American society?

African Americans in the Union

Beginning of Civil War: Free Africans

Americans attempted to enlist in the army.

Not permitted because of 1792 law barring them from bearing arms in the U.S. Army.

Why else would Lincoln fear accepting black men into the Union Army?

African Americans in the Union

Militia Act of 1862: Legislation allowing

African Americans to participate as war laborers and soldiers.

Emancipation Proclamation: Causes large scale

enlistment. End of the Civil War;

10% of the army.

African Americans in the Union Discriminated Against

Suffered Discrimination: Paid $10 per month Deducted $3 for clothing

White Soldiers: Paid $13 per month No clothing deduction

Served in segregated units. Commanded by white

officers. Some failed to adequately

train them.

African American Roles

Relief Roles Nurses, Cooks, and

Blacksmiths.

Spies and Scouts (Black Dispatches) Valuable information

about Confederate Forces, Plans, familiar terrain.

African Americans in the Union

Mortality Rate was higher due to: Assigned labor duties

and usually the first regiments that went into battle.

Faced harsher treatment than white prisoners. Enslaved Executed

African Americans in the Union

Battle of Fort Pillow, Tennessee: April 12, 1864 Union Garrison of 600

suffered 575 casualties.

Dubbed a massacre: Black soldiers

attempted to surrender, Confederate forces killed.

Slaves in the Confederacy

Confederate Army: Slave Labor Force Population in CSA:

9 million (3 million slaves)

Mid 1863- Discussion of allowing colored militias serving: Confederate War Office

denies

Desperate Measure: March 13th, 1865: Black

slaves allowed to enlist.

Slaves in the Confederacy

Slaves during wartime: Sought freedom behind the

Union lines. On Plantations:

Sabotage equipment by breaking plows and destroying materials on the farm.

Neglect livestock.

Slave owners feared slave uprisings: Tightened slave patrols Spread rumors of Union

abuse of runaway slaves.

Discussion

Agree or Disagree: Africans Americans

service in the Union military during The Civil War was a step towards equality.

African Americans served an important role for the Confederate Military. Could this have been

expanded? Would it have made

an impact?

Regional Economies Change

South: Decline of Plantation

System Decline in trade

North: Growth of Industries

and Factories New opportunities for

Women and African Americans.

Southern Economy

Experience Food Shortages because: Drain of manpower in the

Army. Union occupation of food

growing areas. Loss of slaves to work in

the fields.

Demand for food up, supply down: Average in 1861- $6.65 per

month Average in 1863- $68 per

month

Southern Economy

Shortage(s):

Funding Could not collect taxes

from the states.

Arms and Ammunition Some brought own

guns, or scavenged battlefields for Union Weapons.

Military Supplies

Northern Economy

Factories and Industries boomed: Union Army’s need for

uniforms, shoes, guns and other supplies.

Northern Economy

THE DARK SIDE:

Wages for workers did not keep up with prices of goods and services.

White-male workers strike: Employers hire blacks,

immigrants, women, and boys to replace them.

Northern Economy

Northern Women experience new opportunity in work force in: Farms Government jobs

Mostly worked as store clerks and secretaries. Earned less money

than men.

Northern Economy

Businesses with government contracts make immense profits: Provided cheaply made

materials, spoiled food, and demanded higher prices for guns.

Congress enacts in 1863, The Federal Income Tax: Tax that takes a specified

percentage of an individuals income.

Northern Southern

Industrial BoomHuge Profits for

Business Low WagesDecline in standard

of livingWomen entered the

labor force Income Tax

Decline of Plantation System

Shortages in : Food Funds Trade Supplies Labor

How did Wartime affect the Economies?