Chapter 11 – Section 1 The United States Enters World War I.
-
Upload
aubrie-gilbert -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
1
Transcript of Chapter 11 – Section 1 The United States Enters World War I.
![Page 1: Chapter 11 – Section 1 The United States Enters World War I.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e5f5503460f94b5991d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 11 – Section 1
The United States Enters World War I
![Page 2: Chapter 11 – Section 1 The United States Enters World War I.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e5f5503460f94b5991d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Woodrow Wilson and Foreign Policy
• Wilson hated imperialism
• But, he also believed in promoting democracy– Preferred to do so
peacefully, but was willing to use force if necessary
– Mexico– The Caribbean– Eventually, Europe
![Page 3: Chapter 11 – Section 1 The United States Enters World War I.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e5f5503460f94b5991d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
U.S. Relations with Mexico• How is Mexico
related to World War I?
– Preview of Wilson’s diplomacy
– Shows tensions between U.S. and Mexico that will lead to American involvement in World War I
![Page 4: Chapter 11 – Section 1 The United States Enters World War I.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e5f5503460f94b5991d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Mexican Revolution• 1884 – 1911– Mexican dictator
Porfirio Diaz in power
• 1911– Revolution: Diaz is
exiled to France and Mexicans elect revolutionary leader Francisco Madero
• 1913– Madero is overthrown
(likely assassinated) by General Victoriano Huerta
![Page 5: Chapter 11 – Section 1 The United States Enters World War I.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e5f5503460f94b5991d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Wilson’s Reaction to Huerta
• Wilson believes the Huerta government is illegitimate and undemocratic
– Refuses to recognize Huerta’s government
– Allows Americans to arm other factions
– Marines take Veracruz by force
• After international arbitration, American-supported Venustiano Carranza becomes President of Mexico
![Page 6: Chapter 11 – Section 1 The United States Enters World War I.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e5f5503460f94b5991d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Pancho Villa Expedition• Pancho Villa was a
Mexican general
– Had been an ally of Carranza, but they had split
– U.S. gave weapons to Villa when he was a Carranza ally
– U.S. stopped providing weapons to Villa after Carranza took power
![Page 7: Chapter 11 – Section 1 The United States Enters World War I.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e5f5503460f94b5991d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Pancho Villa Expedition
• Villa then attacks Americans and burns the town of Columbus, New Mexico to the ground
– It is unclear if he did so for revenge, or to capture supplies for his army
• Wilson orders General John J. Pershing to enter Mexico to capture Villa
– Pershing looks for Villa from 1916 until 1917
– The expedition is a failure
![Page 8: Chapter 11 – Section 1 The United States Enters World War I.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e5f5503460f94b5991d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
How Is This Related to World War I?• Shows Wilson’s
willingness to use force and interfere in other nations to support democracy
• Worsens America’s reputation internationally, especially in Mexico and the rest of Latin America
– Keep this in mind for the Zimmerman Telegram
![Page 9: Chapter 11 – Section 1 The United States Enters World War I.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e5f5503460f94b5991d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Causes of World War I• Balance of Powers
– Try to keep military strength of nations similar
– Idea is that no one will start a war because, all militaries being about equal, no one can really win
• Rise of Germany as a nation has unbalanced the system, making other nations nervous
![Page 10: Chapter 11 – Section 1 The United States Enters World War I.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e5f5503460f94b5991d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Causes of World War I• Balance of Powers
– Alliance system springs up in response to a powerful new German nation
• Triple Entente– France– Russia– Great Britain
• Triple Alliance– Germany– Austria-Hungary– Italy
![Page 11: Chapter 11 – Section 1 The United States Enters World War I.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e5f5503460f94b5991d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Causes of World War I• Nationalism
– people start to feel attached to their country as a whole
– Focus on having the same language, culture
• Peoples with a distinct culture/language, but without their own state, begin to demand independence
![Page 12: Chapter 11 – Section 1 The United States Enters World War I.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e5f5503460f94b5991d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Causes of World War I• The Balkans
– Slavic peoples begin demanding independence from Austria-Hungary
– Russia, which is also a Slavic nation, has close ties with Slavs in the Balkans, including the new nation of…
– Serbia: first independent Slavic nation in the Balkans
![Page 13: Chapter 11 – Section 1 The United States Enters World War I.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e5f5503460f94b5991d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Causes of World War I• The Balkans
– Serbs wanted to claim more Slavic territory in the Balkans
– Became furious when Austria-Hungary took Bosnia, a Slavic area, from the Ottoman Empire
– June, 1914: Serbian assassin, Gavrilo Princip, kills Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary
![Page 14: Chapter 11 – Section 1 The United States Enters World War I.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e5f5503460f94b5991d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The War Begins• Austria-Hungary declares war
on Serbia
• Russia mobilizes to protect Serbia
• Germany and Austria-Hungary then declare war on Russia
• France declares war on Germany and Austria-Hungary
• Italy refuses to ally with Germany and Austria-Hungary
• Ottoman Empire allies with Germany
This is a joke headline, but it looks real.
![Page 15: Chapter 11 – Section 1 The United States Enters World War I.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e5f5503460f94b5991d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Celebration?
• News of war is greeted with celebrations in every capital in Europe
• Every nation is sure that it will be victorious, and the war will be short
![Page 16: Chapter 11 – Section 1 The United States Enters World War I.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e5f5503460f94b5991d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Celebration?
![Page 17: Chapter 11 – Section 1 The United States Enters World War I.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e5f5503460f94b5991d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Schlieffen Plan• Germans can’t fight
France and Russia at the same time
• Schlieffen Plan
– Germans know it will take Russia approximately 6 weeks to mobilize, so…
– knock France out of the war in 5 weeks
– Unfortunately, they do this by moving their army through a neutral country, Belgium
![Page 18: Chapter 11 – Section 1 The United States Enters World War I.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e5f5503460f94b5991d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Chapter 11 – Section 1 The United States Enters World War I.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e5f5503460f94b5991d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Chapter 11 – Section 1 The United States Enters World War I.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e5f5503460f94b5991d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Britain Enters the War
• Great Britain has a 70 year old treaty with Belgium to protect its neutrality, but Germans never believed Britain would actually enter the war
• Then, Great Britain enters the war
• Allied Powers– Great Britain– France– Russia
• Central Powers– Germany– Austria-Hungary– Ottoman Empire
![Page 21: Chapter 11 – Section 1 The United States Enters World War I.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e5f5503460f94b5991d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Chapter 11 – Section 1 The United States Enters World War I.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e5f5503460f94b5991d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Chapter 11 – Section 1 The United States Enters World War I.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e5f5503460f94b5991d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Chapter 11 – Section 1 The United States Enters World War I.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e5f5503460f94b5991d/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Chapter 11 – Section 1 The United States Enters World War I.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e5f5503460f94b5991d/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
A Long War Begins• Schlieffen Plan fails
– Although it very nearly succeeds
• Eventually, Germans, French, and British reach a stalemate, and so both sides begin digging trenches
• This becomes the Western Front, a line of trenches that stretches from the North Sea to Switzerland
![Page 26: Chapter 11 – Section 1 The United States Enters World War I.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e5f5503460f94b5991d/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
American Neutrality• President Wilson
doesn’t want to get involved
– No need for America to get involved in a foreign war
– Remember, we have millions of immigrants from every part of Europe, so choosing a side poses a real risk of splitting the country apart
![Page 27: Chapter 11 – Section 1 The United States Enters World War I.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e5f5503460f94b5991d/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Americans Choose Sides Anyway
• Majority of Americans side with Britain and France
• A substantial number side with Germany
– German-Americans
– Irish-Americans (due to anti-British feeling based on British policy toward Ireland)
![Page 28: Chapter 11 – Section 1 The United States Enters World War I.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e5f5503460f94b5991d/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Pro-British Sentiment• Wilson and almost his
entire cabinet favor Great Britain
• American business also favors Great Britain
• Many American banks loan money to the Allies (Britain, France, Russia), giving America even more of a financial stake in the war
![Page 29: Chapter 11 – Section 1 The United States Enters World War I.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e5f5503460f94b5991d/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Blockades• British blockade food and supplies from reaching
Germany
• Germans invent U-Boats (submarines) to block food and supplies from reaching the Allies
• Germans do warn passengers not to travel on certain ships
![Page 30: Chapter 11 – Section 1 The United States Enters World War I.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e5f5503460f94b5991d/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Anger Toward Germany Grows
• In spite of warnings, Americans are killed in May of 1915 when the Germans sink the British passenger ship Lusitania, killing 128 U.S. citizens
• The ship was actually carrying loads of war material to Great Britain
![Page 31: Chapter 11 – Section 1 The United States Enters World War I.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e5f5503460f94b5991d/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Anger Toward Germany Grows• Responding to
diplomatic pressure from the United States, Germany promised not to sink any more civilian ships without warning in the Sussex Pledge
• America stays out of war, and Wilson is reelected in 1916
![Page 32: Chapter 11 – Section 1 The United States Enters World War I.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e5f5503460f94b5991d/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
The United States Enters the War• In February of 1917, Germany
goes back to unrestricted submarine warfare
• Zimmerman Telegram
– German government makes an offer to Mexico: side with us if the U.S. enters the war, and we will restore territory the U.S. took from you (Texas, Arizona, New Mexico)
– British intelligence intercepts it, American State Department releases it the public
– Americans are furious
• United States declares war on Germany in April of 1917