Chapter 11, Sec. 2Chapter 11, Sec. 2

Conflicts Over LandConflicts Over Land

Moving Native AmericansMoving Native Americans 1830’s—U.S. expanding westward.1830’s—U.S. expanding westward.

Many Native Americans stilled lived in eastern part of country.Many Native Americans stilled lived in eastern part of country.

Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, & Florida lived the:Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, & Florida lived the: ““________________________________”________________________________”

Cherokee, Creek, Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw.Cherokee, Creek, Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw. Were part of successful farming societies!Were part of successful farming societies!

Few Americans wanted to move west of Miss. River b/c Few Americans wanted to move west of Miss. River b/c it was unsuitable for farming:it was unsuitable for farming:

Too dry! Too dry! Few white Americans lived there.Few white Americans lived there.

Many wanted federal govt. to __________ Native Many wanted federal govt. to __________ Native Americans west of Miss. River.Americans west of Miss. River.

Relocate—Relocate—_________________________________________._________________________________________.

Even __________________ supported settlers’ Even __________________ supported settlers’ demand for Native American land.demand for Native American land.

Indian Removal ActIndian Removal Act 1830—Congress passed _____________________.1830—Congress passed _____________________.

Would allow federal govt. to pay N.A. to move west.Would allow federal govt. to pay N.A. to move west. President Jackson sent officials to negotiate treaties w/N.A. of the President Jackson sent officials to negotiate treaties w/N.A. of the

Southeast.Southeast.

1834—present-day Oklahoma, Congress created 1834—present-day Oklahoma, Congress created __________________. __________________.

Cherokee Nation refused to give up land.Cherokee Nation refused to give up land. Treaties of 1790’s allowed Cherokee to be independent nation Treaties of 1790’s allowed Cherokee to be independent nation

w/their own laws.w/their own laws. Georgia didn’t see it this way.Georgia didn’t see it this way. Cherokee sued state govt.Cherokee sued state govt.

Went to Supreme Court = ______________________.Went to Supreme Court = ______________________. Chief Justice John Marshall ruled:Chief Justice John Marshall ruled:

Georgia didn’t have right to interfere w/Cherokee.Georgia didn’t have right to interfere w/Cherokee. Only Federal Govt. had authority involving affairs w/Cherokee.Only Federal Govt. had authority involving affairs w/Cherokee. Jackson supported Georgia to remove Cherokee.Jackson supported Georgia to remove Cherokee.

Trail of TearsTrail of Tears Jackson would ignore Sup. Ct. ruling and said:Jackson would ignore Sup. Ct. ruling and said:

““John Marshall has made his decision. Now let him enforce it!”John Marshall has made his decision. Now let him enforce it!”

1835 –few Cherokee signed treaty to give up land, but1835 –few Cherokee signed treaty to give up land, but Most of 17,000 didn’t honor treaty.Most of 17,000 didn’t honor treaty. Instead, they wrote a letter to govt.Instead, they wrote a letter to govt.

Letter did not help: 1838--______________________ Letter did not help: 1838--______________________ led 7000 troops to remove Cherokee from their land!led 7000 troops to remove Cherokee from their land!

Scott said he would use force, unless they left quietly.Scott said he would use force, unless they left quietly. Cherokee knew if they fought back, it would lead to Cherokee knew if they fought back, it would lead to

their demise.their demise. Filled w/sadness and anger, they began marching west.Filled w/sadness and anger, they began marching west. Brutal weather claimed thousands of lives.Brutal weather claimed thousands of lives.

Their journey became known as the Their journey became known as the _______________________._______________________.

Native American ResistanceNative American Resistance 1832—Sauk chieftain _________________ led force of 1832—Sauk chieftain _________________ led force of

Sauk and Fox people back to their homeland in Illinois.Sauk and Fox people back to their homeland in Illinois. IL state militia & federal troops slaughtered most as they tried to flee.IL state militia & federal troops slaughtered most as they tried to flee.

_______________ people successfully resisted removal._______________ people successfully resisted removal. Chief of Seminole people, _________, refused to leave Chief of Seminole people, _________, refused to leave

___________.___________. Decided to go to war against U.S.Decided to go to war against U.S. 1835—joined forces with group of African Americans trying to 1835—joined forces with group of African Americans trying to

escape slavery.escape slavery. Attacked white settlements by coast using ________________.Attacked white settlements by coast using ________________.

One attack, Seminoles attacked Major Francis ______.One attack, Seminoles attacked Major Francis ______. 110 soldiers survived & pressured govt. for more troops & equip.110 soldiers survived & pressured govt. for more troops & equip.

1842—govt. gave up & allowed Seminole to remain in 1842—govt. gave up & allowed Seminole to remain in Florida. Florida.

Results of ResistanceResults of Resistance 1842—Scattered N.A. groups lived east of Miss. River.1842—Scattered N.A. groups lived east of Miss. River.

N.A. gave up over 100 million acres.N.A. gave up over 100 million acres. Received about $68 million and 32 million acres west of Miss. Received about $68 million and 32 million acres west of Miss.

River.River.

Lived by tribe on reservations on eastern half of Lived by tribe on reservations on eastern half of present-day Oklahoma! present-day Oklahoma!

Five Civilized Tribes relocated here.Five Civilized Tribes relocated here. These would face white intrusion later on.These would face white intrusion later on.