Starter Describe the differences between various states of matter.
Chapter 11 sec 1 States and state change. States of Matter The fundamental difference between states...
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Transcript of Chapter 11 sec 1 States and state change. States of Matter The fundamental difference between states...
![Page 1: Chapter 11 sec 1 States and state change. States of Matter The fundamental difference between states of matter is the distance between particles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062223/55155d23550346486b8b4777/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 11 sec 1
States and state change
![Page 2: Chapter 11 sec 1 States and state change. States of Matter The fundamental difference between states of matter is the distance between particles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062223/55155d23550346486b8b4777/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
States of MatterThe fundamental difference between states of matter is the distance between particles.
![Page 3: Chapter 11 sec 1 States and state change. States of Matter The fundamental difference between states of matter is the distance between particles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062223/55155d23550346486b8b4777/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
States of MatterGases – fill container, random rapid motion, never coming to rest or clumping togetherMotion is mainly translational
Liquids – fixed volume, flow and assume shape of container, only slightly compressible, stronger forces hold molecules togetherMotion is mainly translational
EOS
Solids – fixed volume, definite shape, generally less compressible than liquids, forces hold particles in a fixed shapeMotion is mainly vibrational
![Page 4: Chapter 11 sec 1 States and state change. States of Matter The fundamental difference between states of matter is the distance between particles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062223/55155d23550346486b8b4777/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Solid particles have fixed position
Crystalline form: they can be very hard and brittle or they can be very soft.
![Page 5: Chapter 11 sec 1 States and state change. States of Matter The fundamental difference between states of matter is the distance between particles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062223/55155d23550346486b8b4777/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Liquid particles can move easily past one another
Liquid flow to take the shape of the lower part of a container.
EOS
Capillary action results from intermolecular interactions
A meniscus is the interface between a liquid and the air above it
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Surface TensionSurface tension () is the amount of work required to extend a liquid surface and is usually expressed in unit of J m–2
EOS
Adhesive forces are intermolecular forces between unlike moleculesCohesive forces are intermolecular forces between like molecules
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Vaporization and Condensation
Vaporization is the conversion of a liquid to a gas.
EOS
Condensation is the change of a gas to a liquid.
The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor pressure becomes equal to the external pressure
![Page 8: Chapter 11 sec 1 States and state change. States of Matter The fundamental difference between states of matter is the distance between particles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062223/55155d23550346486b8b4777/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Phase Changes Involving Solids
The conversion of a solid to a liquid is called melting, or fusion, and the temperature at which a solid melts is its melting point
Sublimation is the process of a molecule’s passing directly from the solid to the vapor state
![Page 9: Chapter 11 sec 1 States and state change. States of Matter The fundamental difference between states of matter is the distance between particles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062223/55155d23550346486b8b4777/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
A phase diagram is a graphical representation of the temperature and pressure conditions under which a substance exists as a solid, liquid, gas, or some combination of these in equilibrium
Phase Diagrams
fusion curve
triple point
EOS
critical point
vapor pressure curve
sublimation curve
![Page 10: Chapter 11 sec 1 States and state change. States of Matter The fundamental difference between states of matter is the distance between particles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062223/55155d23550346486b8b4777/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Practice
• A sample of water has a fixed volume and shape. What state is it in?
• What property of a liquid enable you to pour a liquid into a cup until the top of the liquid is slightly higher than the top of the cup?
• During what process does a liquid change to solid?
solid
Surface tension
freezing