Chapter 11-Respiratory System Diseases & Disorders Hybrid

8/14/2019 Chapter 11-Respiratory System Diseases & Disorders Hybrid

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Respiratory System

Diseases & Disorders

Chapter 11



Respiratory System



Sinusitis and Pharyngitis

Inflammation of the sinuses

Causes

Pneumococcal,

Streptococcal, or

Haemophilus influenzaeinfections

Swimming/diving

Dental abscesses or tooth

extractions.

Symptoms Headaches

Nasal congestions

Inflammation of pharyngx

Cause

Bacteria (Streptococcus

pyogenes)

Viruses: influenza or common cold, measles,

chickenpox

Trauma: heat, sharp

objects, chemical irritants

Symptoms Sore throat

Dysphagia

Rhinorrhea



Infectious Mononucleosis

Acute Epstein-Barr virus infectious

disease

Symptoms

Swollen cervical lymph nodes

Sore throat

Fever

Malaise

Diagnosis

Reactive Lymphocytes Monospot-a blood test for

antibodies



Pneumonia



Pneumonias

Viruses

Adenovirus

Influenza

Rhinoviruses

Coronavirus

Mycoplasmas Mycoplasmas pneumoniae

Cocci

Pneumococcus

Staphylococcus

Complication: lung abscess

Bacilli Haemophilus influenzae Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Protozoan Pneumocystis jirovecii

Chlamydia Chlamydia trachomatis

Fungi Histoplasma capsulatum Coccidioides immitis

http://www.ecureme.com/atlas/data/dis_images/Lung_Abscess550_ab.jpg



Legionnaires Disease

Legionella pneumonia

Legionella pneumophilia – a

bacteria that likes warm moist

environments Inhaled into lungs from

aerosolized water droplets that

have the bacteria

Diagnosis Culture

Direct Fluorescent Antibody Test



Pneumothorax

Collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity withcomplete or partial collapse of lung

Symptoms Sudden, sharp pain in chest with movement



Pleurisy (Pleuritis)

Inflammation of the membrane that envelops

the lungs

Etiology

Bacterial or viral infections

DX: Chest auscultation

Squeaky or grating sounds

TX: Antibiotics

Anti-inflammatory Drugs



Pleural Effusion

Excess of fluid between the parietal and

visceral pleural membranes enveloping the

lungs

Transudate – fluid with little or no protein Exudate – fluid with increased protein

TX: Thoracentesis

Removal of fluid



COPD

Description

Decrease in ability of lungs,

bronchi to perform ventilation.

Passageways become clogged

with mucus

Emphysema

Destruction of alveolar walls;

lungs lose elasticity

Chronic bronchitis



Asthma

Description –chronic disease that affects your airways

Common triggers

URI Allergens Irritants Strong emotions

Foods GERD



Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Bacterial lung infection causingnecrosis of the lung tissue(Granulomas)

Etiology – Mycobacteriumtuberculosis

Diagnosis Positive tuberculin test

(Mantoux/PPD) Chest x-ray Sputum Culture Blood Test (QuantiFERON-TB Gold)



Pneumoconiosis

Diseases of the respiratorytract caused by inhalinginorganic dust particles over prolonged periods of time.

Includes Silicosis – inhalation of silica

(quartz) dust Asbestosis – inhalation of

asbestos fibers Berylliosis – inhalation or

absorption of beryllium Anthracosis – black lung

disease – carbon deposits inthe lung



Respiratory Mycoses

Fungal infections of thelung

Includes Histoplasmosis capsulatum –

inhaled fungal spores from birdor chicken droppings

Coccidioides immitis - inhalationof spores from dry desert soils

Blastomyces dermatitidis –

inhalation of spores found inwoods in central US



Pulmonary Embolism

Artery in lung blocked by

thrombus

Etiology

Thrombus Travels through circulatory

system until it blocks

pulmonary artery



Lung Cancer

Etiology

87% of lung cancers

caused by smoking

Radon gas Long term exposure to

asbestos, uranium,

arsenic, some

petroleum products

Chapter 11-Respiratory System Diseases & Disorders Hybrid

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