Chapter 11 Protists. Protista (Protists) Some are too tiny to be seen without a microscope while...
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Transcript of Chapter 11 Protists. Protista (Protists) Some are too tiny to be seen without a microscope while...
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Chapter 11Protists
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Protista (Protists)
Some are too tiny to be seen without a microscope while others are meters long
Some are like animals, plants or fungi
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General Characteristics
All are eukaryotic, have nuclei
Most are single celled but some are multi cellular
Scientists believe more complex organisms originated from protists
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Protists
Producers- get food through photosynthesis
Consumers- get food from other sources
Grouped by how they get food into 3 groups
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Funguslike Protists
Get food from dead organic matter
Secrete juices into the food source and absorb the digested nutrients
Reproduce like fungus
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Slime Mold
Thin masses of living matter
Colorful, shapeless globs of slime
Live as single celled organisms, but congregate in times of stress
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Slime molds
Live in cool, shady moist places in the woods and fresh water
Eat bacteria, yeast, small bits of decaying plants and animal matter
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Unfavorable Conditions
Slime molds develop stalk-like structures with rounded knobs at the top (spores)
The spores can survive a long time without nutrients until conditions improve
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Water Molds
Most are small and single celledLive in water, moist soil or other organismsDecomposers or parasitesCaused the Great Potato Famine
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Plantlike Protists
Producers
Algae (alga) have chlorophyll (pigment for photosynthesis) and other pigments
Almost all live in water
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Seaweed or Kelp
Multicellular algae
Live near the shore
Can grow to be
meters in length
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Phytoplankton
Single celled algae
Usually float near the surface
Produce most of the world’s oxygen
Divided into phyla based on color and cell structure
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Algin and Carageenan
2 substances extracted from algae used in many foods
Including ice cream , salad dressing, jelly beans and instant pudding
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Volvox
An example specimen of green algae
Single celled but live in colonies
You will see in lab
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Diatoms
Single celled, unusual shapes
Found in salt and fresh water
Contain silica (a glass-like substance) and cellulose
Used in tooth paste and silver polish
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Dinoflagellates
Single celled, live primarily in salt water, Have 2 flagella, whip-like strand used for movementSome are red and produce a poison which can cause red tides If fish eat enough of the poison, they can be toxic to humans
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Euglenoids
Single celled, live in fresh water, characteristics of plants and animalsUse photosynthesis and consume foodHave one flagella (whip-like tail) and contractile vacuoles
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Animal-like Protists
Protozoa
Grouped into 4 categoriesAmoebalike protists
Flagellates
Cilliates
Spore forming protists
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Amoebalike protists
Soft jelly-like, contractile vacuolesMove with psuedopodia (false feet)Feed by engulfing foodInclude Foraminiferans and Radiolarians (amoeba like with shells)
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Flagellates
Flagella for movementParasitesGiardia lamblia found in water, affects hikers when drinking untreated waterAnother lives in the guts of termites to help them digest the cellulose in wood
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Cilliates
Most complex protozoans
Covered in tiny hair-like projections called cillia
used for movement and feeding
Best known is Paramecium
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Spore-Forming Protists
Parasites, no cillia or flagella present so they can’t move on their own
Have complicated life cycles
Malaria caused by Plasmodia vivax
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Reproduction of Protists
Asexual – one parentFission- dividing of parent into 2 organismsEuglena and Amoeba
Sexual – 2 parentsConjugation – swap DNA and then divideParamecium
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