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Chapter 11Medications and Drugs

Lesson 11.1 Medications

Lesson 11.2 Drugs

Lesson 11.3 Drug Abuse and Addiction

Tuesday, October 6 “A” Day

Drugs and Medications Practice Team Test

• Work with your teammate to see what you already know about Drugs and Medications.

• We will assess your answers when everyone has completed the questions.

“The Top Ten Myths About Alcohol and Drugs” VIDEO

Medications

Lesson 11.1

Warm-Up

Drug Use

Give two examples of health problems that would cause people to use prescription drugs.

What are some side effects that drug users might experience?

Can prescription medications be abused likeother drugs, such as cocaine or heroin?

Uses for Medications

• A medication is a substance used to treat disease or relieve pain

• Reasons people use medications– To treat symptoms of an

illness– To cure a disease– To manage a disease– To prevent a disease

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Food and Drug Administration

• After a company tests a new medication, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) must then approve it

• The FDA also decides whether a medication should be sold with or without a doctor’s prescription

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Over-the-Counter Medications

• Sold to people without a doctor’s prescription

• Purchased at local stores and pharmacies

• Used to treat the symptoms of many relatively minor health conditions

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Critical Thinking

OTC Medications

What are some commonly used OTC medications with which you are familiar?

Do you use these medications? If yes, for what reasons?

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Prescription Medications

• Can only be sold to a person with a prescription from a doctor or other licensed healthcare professional

• Different types of prescription medications have different functions– Antibiotics: kill or slow growth of

bacteria.– Anesthetics: eliminate or reduce

pain– Vaccinations: work with the

body’s natural immune system to reduce risk of developing an infection or disease.

shutterstock.com/AntonioDiaz

What are some different methods used to deliver medicine into the body?

– Pill, tablet, capsule, or liquid forms can be swallowed– Drops, cream, or gel forms can be applied to a

particular part of the body– Transdermal patches can be placed on the skin– Medications can be inhaled into your nose or mouth– Medications can be injected directly into the body

Health Risks of Taking Medications

• All medications can have side effects• Some medications cause health risks by

interacting with other medications, foods, or drinks• People can experience an adverse or allergic

reaction to medication• OTC medications may relieve symptoms but not

treat the underlying cause of the symptoms• Adverse effects may result from medication

misuse

Medication Misuse

• Involves not following a medication’s instructions.

Medication Abuse

• The intentional use of medications for purposes other than those intended by the prescribing doctor

• Commonly abused prescription medications – Opioids– Depressants– Stimulants

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Medication Abuse

• Opiates are substances originating from the poppy plant, which contains opium.

• Opiods (synthetic opiates) are prescription medications typically prescribed to relieve pain.

• Depressants, also called sedatives or tranquilizers, are used to reduce anxiety and increase a person’s ability to relax and stay calm.

Medication Abuse

• Stimulants are medications used to increase energy, alertness, and attention.

• Prescription: ADHD• OTC: energy pills and appetite supressants

Side Effects

Safe Strategies for Using Medications

• Instructions should include the following:– How much of the medication to take– How to take the medication (by mouth, through injection,

by inhalation)– How to store the medication– How long to wait before taking more medication– Possible side effects, such as dizziness or drowsiness– Whether you should take this medication with food or

drink– Whether this medication interacts with other substances

that should therefore be avoided.

Drug Facts

Carefully reading and following OTC and prescription medication instructions can help you avoid misuse and abuse of medications and reduce health risks.

What are some other strategies for using medications safely?

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Many psychoactive drugs trigger activity along a pathway of cells in the brain called the “reward pathway.”

The “Reward Pathway”

Brain cells along the activated reward pathway release a chemical called dopamine (DOH puh meen).

The extra dopamine released during drug use can cause the user to ignore the harmful effects of the drug and want to continue using it.

Flooding the reward pathway with dopamine may lead to intense cravings for the drug.

After a time, drug abuse can dull the brain’s reactions to natural levels of dopamine.

Area of the brain’s“reward pathway”

How Drugs Affect the Brain

Area of the brain’s“reward pathway”

How Drugs Affect the Brain

Area of the brain’s“reward pathway”

How Drugs Affect the Brain

Abuse of psychoactive drugs may result in addiction.

Addiction

Addiction is the compulsive use of a drug, despite any cost to health, family, or social standing.

Addiction is a disease that changes the structure and chemistry of the brain.

Drugs can produce powerful changes in the body.

Dangers of Drug Misuse and Abuse

But when drugs are misused or abused, many serious health effects can result.

Prescription Drug Abuse

http://www.drugfreeworld.org/real-life-stories/prescription-drug-use.html

Wednesday, April 15 “B” Day

1. List four main reasons people use medications

Lesson 1 Review

2. Which government agency is responsible for making sure medications are safe to use?

3. What are the three most commonly abused prescription medications?

4. List three side effects that may occur as a result of stimulant use.

1. Treat symptoms of an illness, cure a disease, manage a disease, prevent a disease.

2. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

3. Opioids, Depressants, Stimulants

4. Increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, decreased quality of sleep, decreased appetite, apathy, depression

Lesson 1 Review Answers

The Truth About Drugs

http://www.drugfreeworld.org/drugfacts/the-truth-about-drugs.html

Why do people use drugs?

Drugs

Lesson 11.2

Drugs

• The word drugs refers to substances that cause a physical or psychological change in the body

• Most drugs are illegal and can be very dangerous

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Marijuana

• Marijuana is a drug made up of dried parts of the Cannabis plant

• Marijuana is usually smoked as a cigarette or in a pipe

• A number of states allow adults with a doctor’s prescription to legally buy and use marijuana

Courtesy of the Drug Enforcement Administration

What are some side effects of marijuana use?

– Distorted perceptions– Poor coordination– Difficulty thinking and solving problems– Problems with learning and memory– Cardiovascular problems– Respiratory problems

Cocaine

• A white powder that comes from the leaves of a coca plant

• Can be snorted, injected, or smoked

• Side effects include – Increased heart rate– High blood pressure– Headache– Abdominal pain– Paranoia– Heart attack or stroke

shutterstock.com/Jason Swalwell

http://www.drugfreeworld.org/drugfacts/cocaine.html

Friday, April 17 “B” Day

• Drug Facts• Computer Lab to finish “Drug Research Project”

Crystal Meth

• A manufactured form of methamphetamine

• Can be smoked, snorted, or injected

• Side effects include – Erratic and violent

behavior – Homicidal and suicidal

thoughts– Severe anxiety and

paranoia– Tooth decay and cracked

teethCourtesy of the Drug Enforcement Administration

http://www.drugfreeworld.org/drugfacts/crystalmeth.html

Bath salts are manufactured drugs that contain a stimulant called methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV). What are some side effects of bath salts?

– Paranoia– Chest pains– Headaches– Nausea– Hallucinations– Increased heart rate and blood pressure– Suicidal thoughts– Death

http://safeshare.tv/w/ElmqgTCHly

Hallucinogens

• Drugs that change a person’s perception of reality– LSD (lysergic acid

diethylamide)– Mescaline– Psilocybin– PCP (phencyclidine)– MDMA (meth, “Molly”

or “ecstasy”)

Courtesy of the Drug Enforcement Administration

http://www.drugfreeworld.org/real-life-stories/lsd.html

http://www.drugfreeworld.org/drugfacts/ecstasy.html

Heroin

• Heroin is an opiate derived from morphine—a substance found in poppy plants

• People who use heroin often develop a dependency on the drug

• Heroin can have dangerous side effects

Courtesy of the Drug Enforcement Administration

http://www.drugfreeworld.org/drugfacts/heroin.html

2nd period April 20

4th period April 20

6th period April 20

Monday, April 20 “C” Day

Spice (“Synthetic Marijuana”)

• http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/05/10/spice-k2-potpourri-california_n_3254149.html

http://spiceaddictionsupport.org/what-is-spice/

Club drugs have no serious side effects.

MYTH– Fact: Depending on the drug, side effects can

include memory loss, impaired attention, delirium, intense drowsiness, coma, and death.

– Fact: These drugs can also be addictive and have unpleasant withdrawal effects.

Myth or Fact?

Anabolic Steroids

• Some people use anabolic steroids illegally to help them gain strength and increase muscle size

• Using anabolic steroids can cause serious side effects, including stunted growth in adolescents

Courtesy of the Drug Enforcement Administration

http://safeshare.tv/w/mRHLoAzhMG

Inhalants

• Chemicals that people breathe in to experience some type of high– Liquids (paint thinners, glue)– Aerosols (spray paints,

vegetable oil sprays)– Gases (butane lighters)– Nitrites (butyl and amyl nitrites)

• Can cause hypoxia and other serious side effects

shutterstock.com/Monkey Business Images

http://www.drugfreeworld.org/drugfacts/inhalants.html

The Impact of Drugs on the Brain

• Drugs contain chemicals that change the way nerve cells in the brain send, receive, and process information

• Many drugs cause the brain to release abnormally large amounts of dopamine

• Larger and larger amounts of the drug are required to achieve the same good feelings

• This contributes to drug abuse

Drug Abuse

• People who abuse drugs often experience many negative health consequences– Engaging in unsafe behaviors– Contracting an infectious

disease– Being involved in an accident– Overdosing

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Critical Thinking

Drug Abuse

Besides health problems, what are some other negative consequences of drug abuse?

shutterstock.com/Marjan Apostolovic

Can this friendship be saved?

• Read through the opening paragraph to get background information on David and Jay.

• Take turns at your table group having one person read the scenario to the group.

• Have one person be the recorder of your response to: “Why you think their friendship can or cannot be saved.”

Drug Abuse and Addiction

Lesson 11.3

Drug Addiction

• A chronic disease that involves ongoing use of a drug regardless of harmful effects– Physical addiction: the

body requires the drug to function normally

– Psychological addiction: feeling an intense need or desire for a drug

shutterstock.com/Alexander Raths

Risk Factors for Drug Abuse

• A person’s genetic makeup is related to drug addiction

• Self-medicating puts people at risk of developing drug addictions

• Drug use at an early agemakes a person more likelyto become addicted

• A person’s environment hasan impact on his or her attitude toward drugs

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Strategies for Refusing Drugs

• Knowing how to respond and what to say if someone offers you drugs can help you avoid them

• Let others know that you expect them to respect your decision to not try drugs

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The Broader Impact of Drugs

• The problems of drug abuse negatively impact friends and family

• Drug abuse is costly for society– Healthcare costs– Criminal system costs– Unemployment– Homelessness

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Prevention of Drug Abuse

• Drug addiction is a preventable disease

• People who never try drugs cannot abuse them

• Educating people about the hazards of drug use can help prevent drug abuse

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What types of programs are available to help treat drug abuse and addiction?

– Residential treatment programs– Outpatient treatment programs– Skills-training programs– Support groups– Sober living communities

Helping Those Addicted to Drugs

• Express your concern • Offer to help the person

find help• Attend a meeting of a

group that provides support to relatives and friends

• Give the person the number of a help hotline

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