Chapter 11 : Endocrine System
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Transcript of Chapter 11 : Endocrine System
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Chapter 11 : Endocrine System
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Endocrine System: What is it?
system of glands, each of which secretes a type of hormone directly into the bloodstream to regulate the body
Hormones affect other endocrine glands or body systems
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ES and Homeostasis Homeostasis
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STIMULUS
HypothalamusReleasing Hormone
(Release-Inhibiting Hormone)
PituitaryStimulating Hormone
GlandHormone
Target
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Basic Structure of Feedback Loop
Environmental Stimulus Stimulates Control Center (Brain-hypothal.) Hypothalamic hormones stim. Pituitary Pituitary hormone stim. Target area Target area produces change Change acts negatively or positively on the cycle.
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A. Positive Feedback
Not common Classic example:
Action of OXYTOCIN on uterine muscle during birth.
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Positive Feedback
Baby pushes on cervix Nervous signal to Hypothalamus Hypothal. manufactures OXY OXY transported to POSTERIOR
PITUITARY & released OXY stimulates uterine contraction Loop stops when baby leaves birth canal
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Negative Feedback: Thyroid
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IV. Specific Endocrine Events
A. Thyroid Hormone
B. Growth Hormone
C. Adrenal Cortex Hormones
D. Sex Steroids
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Endocrine System: Team Players
The Pituitary Gland Thyroid Gland Parathyroid Glands Adrenal Glands Pancreas Thymus Pineal Gland Gonads
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Pituitary/ Hypophysis
Anterior Secretions:– TSH– ACTH– FSH– LH– ISCH– LTH– GH/ STH– MSH
Pituitary gland: a small gland located on a stalk hanging from the base of the brain
“The Master Gland”
– Primary function is to control other glands.
– Produces many hormones.
– Secretion is controlled by the hypothalamus in the base of the brain.
Posterior Secretions:– ADH– Oxytocin
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Thyroid Gland
Secretions:– T3: metabolism regulation– T4: metabolism regulation– Calcitonin: promotes
absorption of calcium from blood and bones
Thyroid Gland: butterfly shaped, left and right halves fused by an isthumus. On either side of the larynx
“The Weight Gland”
– Controls metabolism, iodine uptake, blood calcium levels
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Adrenal Glands
Cortex Secretions (Steriods):
– Mineralocorticoids
– Glucocorticoids
– Androgens
Adrenal Glands: Located cranial to the kidney. Each gland has 2 parts: cortex and medulla
“The Reaction Gland”
– Regulates electrolytes, metabolism, sexual functions, injury response
Medulla Secretions:
– Epinephrine– Noreeprinep-
hrine
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Pancreas
Endocrine Secretions:
– Insulin– Glucagon
Pancreas: aggregation of cells located near the proximal duodenum
“The Sugar Regulation Gland”
– (Endocrine FXN) secretion of blood-glucose regulation
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Gonads: gamete production
Testes– Testosterone
2ndary sex characteristics
Ovary Secretions: Stimulated by hCG which is secreted by placenta
– Estrogen 2ndary sex
characteristics
– Progesterone Maintains preg
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Common Procedures
Assays: tests amount of hormone present Thyroid Stimulation Test: blood analysis of
thyroid levels ACTH Stimulation Test: blood analysis of
cortisol levels in the blood
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Common Ailments
Acromegaly: enlargement of extremities due to over active growth
Cushing’s Disease/ Hyperandrenocorticism: excessive adrenal cortex production resulting in increased urination, drinking, and distribution of body fat
Diabetes Mellitus: metabolic disorder, of inadequate secretion of insulin
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Activities
For Each Endocrine player– List the secretions and what each secretion performs
in the body Define an Endocrine Disease include
– Symptoms, Prevention, Treatment, and Definition Outline a Positive and Negative Feedback
reaction in the body (can use the pregnancy example, but not the Thyroid example)– Design a Flow chart for the reactions you described