BIOLOGY FORM 4

SUBTOPICS

1.1 The Study of Biology

1.2 Scientific Investigation

1.1 - THE STUDY OF BIOLOGY

Learning Outcomes :• To state what the study of Biology

is,• To explain the importance of

Biology,• To list the different fields of study in

Biology,• To list the careers related to

Biology,

What is Biology?• Do you know what is the meaning

of ‘Biology’?• Biology comes from Greek

word….• Biology is ………..

What is Biology?• Includes studying

•The structure & cellular organisation & function of living things,

•The life processes of living things such as respiration, growth, development, reproduction…

•The characteristics of different groups @ categories of living things,

•The plant & animal life of a specific area or region,•The interaction of living things with one another &

with their environment

CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS

• Response to stimuli

• Nutrition

• Respiration

• Metabolism

• Growth

• Reproduction

• Excretion

• Able to adapt to different environments

• Locomotion

IMPORTANCE OF BIOLOGY

• To learn more about ourselves (best reason)

• To understand heredity & the inheritance of genetic abnormalities that cause diseases.

• To understand the function of organisms

• To find treatment for diseases (create new medicine)

• For leisure – gardening, fishing, cooking & bird-watching

IMPORTANCE OF BIOLOGY• Helps researcHers to study Human

biology – slow aging process, cure genetic diseases & Help paralysed people by making nerve cells grow again

• For better management on environmental problems

• improved quality & production oF Food

• provides numerous opportunities For rewarding & cHallenging career, especially in biotecHnology

FIELDS OF STUDY IN

BIOLOGY

STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

• Anatomy – the structure & organisation of organisms

• Biochemistry – elements, compounds & chemical reactions in living organisms

• Cytology - cells

• Histology - tissues

• Morphology – the form @ shape of an organism

• Physiology – mechanical, physical & biochemical functions of living organisms

MAJOR GROUPING of ORGANISMS

• Bacteriology• Botany • Entomology - cells

• Ichthyology – study of fishes

• Microbiology• Mycology• Ornithology – study of birds

• Taxonomy• Virology

DEVELOPMENT of ORGANISMS

• Embryology – dev. of the embryo

• Evolutionary biology – concerned with the origin & descent of species

• Genetics – deals with heredity transmission & the variation

• Developmental biology – the process by which organisms grow & develop

ORGANISMS & THEIR ENVIRONMENT

• Ecology – the distribution & abundance of organisms, their habitat & the interactions between them & their environment

• Ethology – study of animal behaviour

• Biogeography

APPLIED BIOLOGY• Agriculture• Biotechnology – any technological application that

uses biological systems, living organisms or derivations thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use

• Fisheries• Forestry• Medicine• Veterinary medicine• Dentistry

CAREER RELATED TO BIOLOGY

Agriculturalist, aquaculturalist, biochemist, biotechnologist, botanist,

dietitian, ecologist, ethologist, forester, geneticist, horticulturist,

microbiologist, mycologist, neurobiologist, optometrist,

pediatrician, physiotherapist, surgeon, toxicologist, veterinarian, zoologist,

doctor (physician), teacher, lecturer, researcher……….etc.

OPSS….don’t forget your exercise!!!

EXERCISE 1.1