Chapter 11

Meet Matter

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What is matter?Matter is anything that

1. Has mass and

2. Takes up space (has volume)

Biological PropertiesCharacteristics of matter that are unique to living things

Physical PropertiesAny property of matter that can be observed by your senses without changing the composition of the matter

For example you don’t have to change what an apple is made of to see that it’s red or to hold it in your hand

Physical PropertiesYou rely on physical properties all the time to identify or describe matter

Are your socks clean? (odor)Can you fit all your books into your book bag? (volume)

Does your shirt match your pants? (color)

And many, many others

Chemical PropertiesAny property of matter that describes a substance based on its ability to change into a new substance with different properties

Chemical Properties Example: Piece of wood can be burned to

create new substances (ash and smoke) with properties different from the original piece of wood.

You can also observe chemical properties with your senses but they aren’t as easy to observe as physical properties.

Some chemical properties include flammability (ability to burn), reactivity with oxygen, reactivity with acid, and reactivity with water. (Reactivity just means that when 2 substances get

together, something can happen.)

Think/Pair/ShareWhat are the two properties of all matter?

What is the difference between physical and chemical properties?

With a PartnerPlay a game of 20 Questions. One person will think of an object and the other person will ask yes/no questions about it. Write the questions down in your notebook as you go along. Put a check mark next to the questions asked about physical properties. When the object is identified or when the 20 questions are up, switch roles.

What would you say?If you were asked to describe an orange to someone who had never seen an orange, what would you tell the person?

MatterAnything that has mass and takes up space

Is Air Matter?

MoleculeThe smallest particle of a substance, such as water, that is still identified as that substance

States of Matter Easily observed physical property of

matter. At ordinary temperatures, all matter

exists in one of three states.1- Solid2- Liquid3- Gas

In each of these states the molecules of the material behave in different ways.

States of matter

States of Matter The state of matter of a substance

depends on how fast the particles move and how strongly the particles are attracted to each other.

Gas

Liquid

Solid

Physical change

Any change in matter that does not change the chemical properties of the matter.

For example, if you break a piece of chalk in two, you change the physical properties of size and shape. The chemical properties of the chalk remain unchanged.

Chemical changeA change in matter in which one substance is converted into another substance

Some examples: rusting, effervescent tablets, soured milk, burning

Chemical Properties vs. Chemical Changes

Chemical properties determine how substances interact with each other, while chemical changes are the result of the interaction

In other words: Chemical properties can result in chemical changes.